Is It Possible to Control the Ebola Epidemic?

Is It Possible to Control the Ebola Epidemic?A terrible tragedy struck the western part of the African unblemished and our desire and believe is to put an pole to this nightmare. Since the discovery of Ebolavirus in 1976 in Zaire, now DRC egalitarian Republic of Congo, this virus is endemic in this plain and has caused a trail of destruction. For socio-economic classs, it has afflicted our brothers mercilessly slaughtering entire families overnight, leaving a crowd of orphans along the way.Today West Africa, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Le star and Nigeria, also acknowledge an epidemic of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), the 7th in the history of the Democratic Republic of Congo, with the potential to spread to neighboring countries.WHO foundation wellness physical composition has worked with professionals from various countries to gather experiences in epidemics, c at one timentrating efforts that can contribute in a practical way to engage cases of Ebola, which are already mor e than 1.400 deaths this year so far, with mortality rates of 60-90%.Summary of the clinical enter of Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF)The EHF is an infectious disease caused by Ebola virus, an RNA vrus with filamentous appearance under electronic microscopy, diameter of 80nm, incubation menstruation that various between 1-3 weeks. The initial symptoms are very similar to a simple flu, with asthenia, anorexia, headache and myalgia, insidiously progressing to vomiting, diarrhea, shed blood, dehydration, shock and death.The severity and duration of disease progression depends directly on viral load Ebolavirus, nutritional status and consequently, the immune status of each patient.In 50% of cases make it a maculopapular rash more pronounced on trunk and abdmen, and by the end of the beginning(a) week ancestry dyscrasias symptoms are observed, such as malady and uncontrollable vomiting, difficult to control epistaxis, hematemesis, melena, hemoptysis, bleeding conjunctival, skin, mucous membranes, gums, ulcerations of lips.From this point occur quick progression to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with cardio-circulatory collapse, dysfunction and multiple organ unsuccessful person and death occurs.There is no specific medication for treatment of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF), only supportive measures to control hypovolemia, fluid and electrolyte replacement, blood, plasma or platelet concentrate transfusion, vasoactive drugs.The almost frequent and uncouth is the clinical and epidemiological diagnosis, The safest laboratory diagnosis is the identification of Ebolavirus by viral isolation in culture to identify the serotype, or by polymerase chain reaction with rearward transcription (RT-PCR) for sequencing of viral RNA.Contagion occurs primarily by direct wrap up with fluids, secretions of the patient as urine, blood, semen, sweat, saliva, or fomites and personal belongins contaminated with Ebolavirus.IS THERE A CORRELATION BETWEEN Ebola H emorrhagic Fever (EHF) and deaths from Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever?Undoubtedly, and well explain some points needed to understand well this interrelationship. The work create focusing on dengue fever fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and epidemics, was the prow in 2006, of masters thesis Homeopathy in creation Health Contribution to the Study of Epidemics, in Post-graduation in Health Sciences of the Medical cultivate of So Jos do Rio Preto, So Paulo SP, Brazil.In 2002 the World Health Organization WHO launches the document Strategy of the WHO about Traditional Medicine, which in Brazil resulted in the administrative rule MS/GM nary(prenominal) 971 of June 3, 2006, known as NPICP National Policy on Integrative and antonymous Practices, which regulates prescription and use of homoeopathy in epidemics.From the guidelines of the Ministry of Health, received by us as an incentive and authorization to follow through with these actions, we expanded the fieldwork, once it had been ini tiated in the city of So Jos do Rio Preto, since 2001, a leap out to control dengue at the population level with homeopathic medicine1. ascribable to the excellent results obtained in February and March / 2007 in So Jos do Rio Preto2, So Paulo and Maca3, Rio de Janeiro, with the homeopathic medicine we extended the use to thousands of individuals in various cities in different states of Brazil, such as So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Esprito Santo and Gois, and in Cuba, in Ciego de Avila, Camaguey and capital of Cuba.The results of the clinical and epidemiological studies, were ratified by the medicines approval by ANVISA (the brazilian regulatory body of drugs administration) in declination 2008, officially released in the category dengue treatment under the warmheartedness name PRODEN, recorded by a national laboratory, and one of the vanadium finalists of the 1st Sanofi-Aventis Prize, Medical Services Innovation New Directions in Public Health, in June 2009.For this t o happen, the product has undergone rigorous testing in rats, rabbits and mice, in the drug reticuloendothelial systemearch Laboratory of the Federal University of Amap, whose experiments have shown average increase of 200.000 platelets/ml to 600.000 platelets/ml in male rats4.The daily clinical practice has shown fast improvement of the general condition of patients with dengue, confirmed by the prompt cram in platelet count.BUILDING A PROTOCOL FOR CONTROL OF THE EBOLA haemorrhagic FEVER (EHF)The Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever has several points in common with the Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, as found in the 7th edition (2006) of Bogliolos5 textbook in hemorrhagic fevers from Ebola and Marburg viruses, autopsy shows disseminated skin, mucosa and visceral bleeding, with huge areas of nephritic and hepatic necrosis. Throughout the pathophysiology of both diseases, coagulation disorders have important, decisive for the rapid evolution to cardio-circulatory collapse, multiple organ fail ure, shock and death. Important to note that modern studies using electronic microscopy have shown that liver inflammation is the rule and not the exception, in cases of dengue, covering all four sorotypes6.THE FOUNDATIONS OF HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE approvedBY ANVISA FOR DENGUES TREATMENTThe protocol and technical paper of the Health Board of So Jos do Rio Preto were im ingrafted in all BHU (Basic Health Units) in the city in February 2007.2 Thousands of doses of the medicine were deal out with great adherence of the population. In 20072, despite the order of magnitude of this epidemic, only one patient died, she was a health professional, due to suspected acetaminophen intoxication.The homeopathic complex is a combination of three homeopathic remedies, Phosphorus, Crotalus horridus and genus Eupatorium perfoliatum, these first two are because of the hemorrhagic events, the last one is extra to dengue itself, to constitute the epidemic ace peculiar to cases of classic dengue feve r, without complications.The Eupatorium had its pathogenetic trials conducted in 1846 by the American Academy of Homeopathy, from a plant in the eastern United States of North America, which was used by congenital Indians to treat break-bone-fever .Hahnemann was the one to accomplish in 1823, the pathogenetic experimentation of Phosphorus, in Germany (Dresden and Leipzig). He is the prototype of the treatment of hepatitis, confirmed in studies with experimental animals subjected to poisoning by carbon tetrachloride in laboratrio7. And finally Crotalus horridus, made from a north-american freight trains venom in 1837, made by Constantine Hering, is the primary lengthiness and one of the most effective remedies for profuse, generalized and rapidly developed hemorrhages. at long last FINDING THE MEDICINE FOR THE CONTROL OFTHE EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC FEVERGiven to the extensive knowledge already accumulated and analyzing the features found in the EHF epidemic, it is obvious that these sam e remedies, Phosphorus and Crotalus horridus, already tested and used in cases of hepatic dysfunction and bleeding in dengue, should be added to the remedie that represents the epidemic genius of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF), a brazilian plant named Ipecacuanha.Thus, the Anti-Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever homeopathic Complex, is the result of the combination of three remedies Phoshorus, Crotalus horridus and Ipecacuanha.The Ipecacuanha is in the 1st list of 24 polychrests remedies established by Hahnemann and part of the group of the 60 major remedies used in Homeopathy8. According to the Treaty of Homeopathic Materia Medica9, the remedie is of upper limit indication for acute disorders with nausea, copious bleeding of bright red blood from any orifice of the body, tightness in chest, cold sweats, facial lividness and little tendency to clot the bleeding. Prof. Michel Guermonprez10 highlights the relationship of this plants alkaloids with reflex nausea and drooling that always accompan ies its symptomatic procession, bloody diarrhea (intestinal bleeding), cough and bronchial hypersecretion with blood (hemoptysis), pixilated headache and rapid evolution to weakness, with marked and rapid loss of vital forces, dehydration and shock.In the secular homeopathy practice, we chance upon the option of using remedies in combination, and to ensure its effectiveness, we must follow the perfect criteria, respecting the agreement of the general condition of the pathophysiological actions triggered by the isolated remedies and verified in animal or human experiments, in order to prevent antipathy and neutralization of the active ingredients of these remedies together, and thus ensure that the potentiation of its effects appear, as apprehensiveness of renowned authors such as Licnio Cardoso, Helena Minin and Anna Kossak-Romanach, among others11.The key to find the aline medicine is to get as close as possible to the simillimum of the epidemic, in other words, what is the c losest to the profile or individuation of the symptom picture of the epidemic, in its most frequent form and repeated manifestation, present in the greatest number of sick people at that block of time. We grouse this coincidence Similarity or Similitude Law, and that is the backbone of Homeopathy.The choice of military posture or dynamisation comes after the determination of the most suitable medicine to control the epidemic and in this specific case of the EHF by gravity, magnitude and severity of the symptoms, is to be used in 15DH, as employed in the experimental work with animals and approved by ANVISA as explained above.INDICATION AND venereal infection OF ANTI-EHF HOMEOPATHIC COMPLEXIt should be clear that homeopathy is a complementary color medicine to all actions already developed and used drugs, including antibiotics for bacterial complications, to change the clinical condition of patients victimized by Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF).The indicated homeopathic remedies are prepared in combination, also known as Homeopathic Complex in a 30% alcohol solution, and 20ml bottlesPHOSPHORUS 15 DH + CROTALUS HORRIDUS 15 DH + IPECACUANHA 15 DH1) doses for treatment of previously diagnosed and more severe casesAdminister 5 drops orally every 20 minutes until clinical stabilization of the patient, accompanying hemodynamic and laboratory parameters such as hematocrit, leukocytes and platelets, etc2) In the most stable casesKeep 5 drops every 2 hours until clinical improvement, match to criteria such as general health, hydration, blood pressure, urinary flow, absence of bleeding and laboratory controls, such as leukocyte count and platelet count, hematocrit, etc3) Employment as a prophylactic5 drops administered orally twice daily (morning and evening), during the period of epidemic risk.Target audience all susceptible population find in areas of occurrence of EHF.Renan Marino is Professor of FAMERP Medicine School of So Jos do Rio Preto, Master in Health S ciences and President of IHFL Homeopathic give Franois Lamasson Ribeiro Preto, So Paulo, Brazil.BIBLIOGRAPHY1) MARINO R, Jamal EM, Esteves Neto SH, Constantine A, Braguini VR. Emprego Profiltico da Homeopatia em uma Epidemia de Dengue. Pesquisa Homeopatica/ Homeopatia Esplorado 2003, 18 (2) 2-6. Work also presented at the 59 Panamerican Congress of Homeopathy Havana / Cuba, in 2003, from the experience at Cristo Rei neighborhood in So Jos do Rio Preto2) MARINO R. Homeopathy and Health The Case of Dengue Epidemics. Int J broad(prenominal) Dilution Res online. 2008 7 (25) 179-185. Available fromhttp//www.feg.unesp.br/ojs/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/312/3733) NUNES LAS. Contribution of homeopathy to the control of an outbreak of dengue in Maca, Rio de Janeiro. Int J High Dilution Res online. 2008 7 (25) 186-192. Available fromhttp//www.feg.unesp.br/ojs/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/315/3744) VIRIATO, E., OLIVEIRA, B., CARVALHO, J. C. Avaliao da toxicidade sub-crnica do Medicament o Proden. Brazilian Homeopathic Journalv. 11, n. 1, p. 23 24, 20095) BOGLIOLO, Luigi BRASILEIRO FILHO, Geraldo. Patologia. 6 ed. Rio de Janeiro Ed. Guanabara Koogan, 20006) MIGOWSKI, E. Uso de Antitrmicos em Doenas Infecciosas Virais. Abbott booklet of Brazil, 20027) Encyclopdie Mdico-Chirurgicale Vol II Homeopathie Ed Tecniques, Paris, 1960-1968,.8) KOSSAK-ROMANACH, A. A Homeopatia em 1000 Conceitos. So Paulo. Ed. Elcid 19849) VIJINOVSKY, B. Tratado de Materia Medica Homeopatica, volum II, Buenos Aires.Ed. Albatros, 198110) GUERMONPREZ, M. et al. Materia Medicale Homeopathique, 2nd ed, Doin Editeurs, 1985, France.11) POZETTI, G L. Complexos e Complexismos. Ribeiro Preto / SP IHFL, 1993

Data Analysis Chapter Analysis

selective information Analysis Chapter AnalysisPart OneBased on my NTU utilizationrname (N0687816), my info set is (0,6,8,7,8,1,6)Section A) Forming a 99% self-assurance interval for my information set Our confidence interval is We can hence say with 99% confidence that the recall number of tattoos per student for the population of all students at NTU is amidst 0.54 and 9.74Using Minitab for a 99% confidence interval for selective information set (0,0,0,1,3,3,7)Section B) Looking for evidence at the 97% confidence level of a difference between the essays adjudicate 1 (0,6,8,7,8,1,6)Sample 2 (0,0,0,1,3,3,7)Sample sizesSample meansSample variances I am going to use a two-sample T riddle to analyse this info as there ar two small samples formed from information that is not paired.We can say with 97% confidence that there is no difference between the two samples.Using MinitabSection C) Testing data from trialing a new inhaler person 1Person 2Person 3Person 4Person 5Person 6Person 7Before0687816After0001337To analyse this data, I go away use a paired T-test as there atomic number 18 two sets of data for the same group of deal (before and after victimization an inhaler). It is also unknown if the data is normally distributed and the sample is small which are both other factors which suggest the use of a T test. This test could be one or two tailed depending on whether you were looking at for an improvement/reduction or a general change. In this case, however, we sine qua non the inhalers to have improved the peoples lung function so we will do a one tailed test.Null hypothesis Alternative hypothesis. (The data is for recovery time in seconds so a reduction in the mean recovery time shows an improvement in lung function).Decision Rule execute the testLet So There is not a undertake confidence interval so I will use a 95% confidence interval so Therefore We can therefore say with 95% confidence that the inhaler did improve the lung function of the people who used it.Testing the Manufacturers ClaimI am going to use a one tailed hypothesis test. This is because it does not matter if the inhaler improves lung function in over 80% of cases, only if it does not kick in this claim. I will take to be that and to be that .The lung function recovery time reduced in tetrad of the seven trials so 4 events kayoed of 7 trials, leading to and Part TwoSection A) The skirt Tasting Tea ExperimentThe chick tasting tea leaf essay was a statistical experiment conducted by Ronald Fisher. As explained in The lady tasting tea experiment (Winkler, 2015), a lady claimed she could tell whether milk or tea was poured first in a cup of tea she tasted. Ronald Fishers book The Design of Experiments (see Winkler, 2015) outlined the ideas behind this testIt consists in concoction eight cups of tea, four in one way and four in the other, and presenting them to the subject for judgement in a random order. The subject has been told in advance that she will be asked to taste eight cups, that these shall be four of each kind Fisher, 1935.According to Imai (2016), Fisher introduces the idea of a vain hypothesis, which in this case, is the idea that the woman is shooting and cannot actually distinguish between the cups. Fisher then used the ladys answers to work out the likelihood of her get this result whilst guessing. From this, he found that there were 70 ways to take 4 cups out of 8 and that from these, there was 1 way of get none and four correct, 16 ways of getting one and trinity correct and 36 ways of getting two correct, as shown by Inglis-Arkell (2015).Although pioneering, however, the test itself was not powerful. As explained by Stark (2010), the small sample size caused the luck of her guessing randomly only coming out less than 0.05 (the condition required to reject the null hypothesis) if she got a spotless score. This is because guessing all four correctly carried a opportunity of whereas guessing three out of four correctly carried a probability of . This national would have been reduced with a much bigger sample size.For some other mathematical example, we will look at the following question intend the lady samples 10 cups of tea, among which 5 had the teapoured first and 5 had the milk poured first.a. What is the probability she correctly identifies all five cups which had the tea poured first? Sloughter, 2006.Following the logical system displayed by Stark (2010) for the lady tasting tea problem, there would be only 1 way of choosing all five correctly. Using the man fancy (Simmons, 2016), we get ways of choosing five cups of tea out of the ten. This means that the probability of getting all five correct is .As stated by Inglis-Arkell (2015), the number of cups that the lady guessed correctly is unknown. Despite this, the lady tasting tea experiment is still extremely influential and led to Ronald Fisher universe praised for his book The Design of Experiments due to how clearly he explained why randomization is important and how he decided what would be take backable evidence to accept or reject a statement.Reference ListImai, K., 2013. Statistical speculation Tests online. Princeton University. for sale at http//imai.princeton.edu/teaching/files/tests.pdf Accessed 9th January 2017.Inglis-Arkell, E., 2015. How A Tea Party glum Into A Scientific Legend online. Io9. Available at http//io9.gizmodo.com/how-a-tea-party-turned-into-a-scientific-legend-1706697488 Accessed 9th December 2016.Simmons, B., 2016. compounding Formula online. Mathwords. Available at http//www.mathwords.com/c/combination_formula.htm Accessed 9th January 2017.Sloughter, D., 2006. Mathematics of a bird Tasting Tea online. Furman University. Available at http//math.furman.edu/dcs/courses/math15/lectures/lecture-19.pdf Accessed 9th December 2016.Stark, P., 2010. StichiGui online. Available at https//www.stat.berkeley.edu/stark/Teach/S240/Notes/ch3.htm Accessed 9th January 2017.Winkler, A. 2015. The lady tasting tea experiment online. Brainder. Available at https//brainder.org/2015/08/23/the-lady-tasting-tea-and-fishers-exact-test/ Accessed 5th December 2016.Declaration1. I am aware of the Universitys rules on plagiarism and collusion and I show that, if I am found to have broken these rules, it will be toughened as Academic Misconduct and dealt with accordingly. I bring in that if I get this piece of work to another student and they copy all or part of it, either with or without my knowledge or permission, I shall be guilty of collusion.2. In submitting this work I confirm that I am aware of, and am abiding by, the Universitys expectations for proof-reading.3. I understand that I essential submit this coursework by the time and date published. I also understand that if this coursework is submitted late it will, if submitted within 5 working days of the deadline date and time, be given a pass mark as a supreme mark. If received more than 5 work ing days after the deadline date and time, it will receive a mark of 0%. For referred or reprize coursework, I understand that if the coursework is not submitted by the published date and time, a mark of 0% will be automatically awarded.4. I understand that it is entirely my responsibility to ensure that I hand in my total and complete coursework and that any missing pages handed in after the deadline will be disregarded.5. I understand that the above rules apply even in the eventuality of computer or other information technology failures.marking DateGeorgia Mold09/01/2017_______________________________ ________________________

The insurance sector in india

The damages sector in indiaINTRODUCTIONINSURANCE SECTOR IN INDIAThe indemnity sector in India g everywherened by Insurance Act, 1938, the Life Insurance Corporation Act, 1956 and General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Act, 1972, Insurance Regulatory and victimisation Authority (IRDA) Act, 1999 and other related Acts. With such a large tribe and the untapped market area of this population Insurance happens to be a very big opportunity in India. Today it stands as a business growing at the appreciate of 15-20 per cent annually. Together with banking services, it adds near 7 per cent to the countrys GDP .In spite of all this issue the statistics of the cleverness of the indemnity in the country is very poor. Nearly 80% of Indian populations are without Life amends cover and the Health insurance policy. This is an indicator that growth capability for the insurance sector is wide in India.It was due to this immense growth that the regulations were introduced in the in surance sector and in continuation Malhotra committee was constituted by the government in 1993 to examine the various aspects of the fabrication. The central element of the reform process was Participation of overseas insurance companies with 26% capital. Creating a much efficient and competitive financial system worthy for the requirements of the economy was the main idea behind this reform.Since then the insurance fabrication has gone through many sea changes .The competition LIC started facing from these companies were glum to the existence of LIC .since the liberalization of the industry the insurance industry has never looked merelytocks and today stand as the one of the most competitive and exploring industry in India. The entry of the private players and the change magnitude use of the new dissemination are in the limelight today. The use of new dispersion techniques and the IT tools has increased the scope of the industry in the longer run.PRESENT SCENARIO OF IN SURANCE painsIndia with about 200 million middle class household shows a huge untapped potential for players in the insurance industry. Saturation of markets in many developed economies has made the Indian market even more attractive for global insurance majors. The insurance sector in India has aim to a position of very high potential and competitiveness in the market. Indians, get down always seen smell insurance as a tax revenue deliverance device, are at one time suddenly turning to the private sector that are providing them new products and variety for their choice.Consumers remain the most important union of the insurance sector. After the entry of the foreign players the industry is seeing a lot of competition and thus improvement of the customer service in the industry. Computerization of operations and updating of technology has become imperative in the current scenario. Foreign players are bringing in international top hat practices in service through use of lates t technologiesThe insurance agents salvage remain the main source through which insurance products are sold. The archetype is very well established in the country like India but still the increase use of other sources is imperative. At present the distribution channels that are available in the market are listed below. count selling Corporate agents Group selling Brokers and cooperative societies Banc assurance Customers induct tremendous choice from a large variety of products from pure barrier (risk) insurance to unit-linked investment products. Customers are offered unbundled products with a variety of benefits as riders from which they potentiometer choose. More customers are buying products and services based on their dependable selects and non just traditional money back policies, which is not considered very appropriate for long- enclosure protection and savings. There is lots of saving and investment plans in the market. However, there are still some recognize new products yet to be introduced e.g. health products.The rural consumer is now exhibiting an increasing propensity for insurance products. A research conducted exhibited that the rural consumers are unstrained to dole out anything between Rs 3,500 and Rs 2,900 as premium each year. In the insurance, the certainness aim for disembodied spirit insurance is the highest in rural India, but the consumers are also aware about motor, accidents and cattle insurance.PLAYERS OF INSURANCE COMPANIES IN INDIAN MARKET invigoration INSURANCE COORPORATION OF INDIAICICI PRUDENTIAL BIRLA SUN LIFEBAJAJ ALLIANZSBI LIFE INSURANCEHDFC STANDARDTATA AIGMAX NEW YORKAVIVAOM KOTAK MAHINDRAING VYSYAMET LIFE inwardness OF QUALITY SERVICE(Quality of Service) Consistent performance. Certain network services need to be delivered at a certain minimum performance level to be useable for example, a video or audio enclothe forget stutter and break up if the bandwidth is inadequate. QoS refers to a network syste ms qualification to sustain a given service at or preceding(prenominal) its required minimum performance level. Short for Quality of Service, a networking term that specifies a guaranteed throughput level. One of the biggest advantages of ATM over competing technologies such as lay out Relay and Fast Ethernet, is that it supports QoS levels. This allows ATM supplyrs to guarantee to their customers that end-to-end latency will not exceed a specified level. REVIEW OF LITERATUREStudies on demeanor insurance use of goods and services dates back to Heubner (1942) who postulated that human life value has certain qualitative aspects that gives rise to its frugal value. But his idea was normative in nature as it suggested how much life insurance to be purchased and not what will be purchased.There were no guidelines regarding the kind of life policies to be selected depending upon the consumers capacity and the amount of risk to be carried in the product.The current discussion als o reveals that individuals current income and future anticipated consumption uptake plays a crucial role in determining the amount of insurance purchased (we are, for a while ignoring the form in which insurance is purchased). The enormousness of rate of interest or the impatience factor is also worth considering. Preferences over different consumption pattern vary from person to person and there are qualitative factors which affects such preferences. Using the expected utility theoretical account in a continuous fourth dimension model, Yaari (1965) studied the problem of timid lifetime and life insurance. Including the risk of dying in life pedal model, he showed conceptually that an individual increases expected lifetime utility by purchasing fair annuities. Simple models of insurance demand were proposed by Pratt (1964), Mossin (1969), metalworker (1968) and others considering a risk adverse conclusiveness maker with an initial wealth.The results shew that demand for life insurance varies inversely with the wealth of the individuals. Hakansson (1969) used a discrete-time model of demand for financial as commits and life insurance purchase in particular to examine bequest motive in considerable detail. Headen and lee side (1974) studied the effects of short run financial market demeanour and consumer expectations on purchase of ordinary life insurance and developed structural determinants of life insurance demand. They considered three different sets of variables first, variables stimulating demand as a result of insurer efforts (e.g. industry advertising expenditure, size of the gross revenue force, new products and policies, etc.) second, variables affecting household saving decision (e.g. disposable, permanent and fugacious income, expenditure expectation, number of births, marriages, etc.) and lastly, variables determining ability to pay and size of potential markets (e.g. net savings by households, financial assets, and consumer expectation regarding future economic condition). They concluded that life insurance demand is inelastic and positively abnormal by change in consumer sentiments interest rates playing a role in the short run as well as in the long run.Pissarides (1980) further extending Yaaris work proved that life insurance was theoretically capable of absorbing all fluctuations in lifetime income. Lewis (1989) open out that the number of dependents as an influence on the demand for life insurance.To sum up, the theoretical review yields macroeconomic variables like income, rate of interest, and accrued savings in wealth form along with a set of demographic or social variables having potential impact on an individuals decision to opt for or not to demand insurance. Life insurance consumption increases with the breadwinners probability of death, the present level of familys consumption and the degree of risk aversion.OBJECTIVES OF queryTo find that which factors people keep in their mind sat the time of get ting any insurance policy.TO know the service quality of insurance companies in Jalandhar cityTo know the wisdom of customers regarding insurance service in Jalandhar city.RESEARCH METHODOLGYResearch is the systematic and objective identification, collection, analysis, dissemination and use of teaching for the purpose of improving decision making related to the identification and dissolvent of problems and opportunities in making.RESEARCH DESIGN- DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCHFOR my study I gift choose descriptive research design because in my study I gather in to know the effect of motivational forces. In this I have describe the effect of motivational forces.DATA SMPLING Data extent- Jalandhar (Punjab)Sample size-60 ingest technique-Stratified samplingDATA COLLECTIONPRIMARY DATA- QuestionnaireSECONDARY DATA- Journals, magazine, newspaper.For my project, I have decided on primary data collection method by filling up the questionnaire from customers residing in jalandhar cityI also follo wed supplementary data collection method using various websites, journals and magazines for collecting schooling under my term paper project.LIMITATIONSResearch was limited to Jalandhar city only. some(a) of the respondents were not ready to give proper response feeling unsound to feel the questionnaire. Some of them were feeling unsecured by filling up the questionnaire.Most of the people were not aware of the importance of life insurance service in their life.They are not aware how useful life insurance can be for their family members if something happens to them.They are of the view that Insurance policies do not give good resultsThey are not aware of advance(a) unit linked insurance plans .they are still under the perception that if they take insurance they will get only 5-6%returns which in not true now days.People are still today not aware of the earning opportunity that an insurance service provides.FINDINGSLIC is the best service provider as compared to other insurance c ompanies.Maximum of the respondents are not aware of benefits provided by insurance policies.Most of the people give more importance to life insurance policies as compared to other insurance policies.People imply public insurance companies provide more security than private ones now days.Most of the people are also of the view that services provide by public insurance companies are better than private companies that is wherefore most of them get insured their self and their family in public insurance company now days.

Areas of Learning in Childcare Environment

Areas of Learning in Childc atomic number 18 EnvironmentQ.1. Identify from each mavin of the three prime atomic number 18as and quadruple specific areas of accomplishment?The Early twelvemonths foundation Stage areas of figureedness and contrivement stupefy been produced by the government and early years professionals for spend by any told early old age providers including minor minders. It is crucial for practicians to become familiar with how the areas of schooling and inducement are arranged in the frame study. We fate to engagement the areas of ascertaining and move overment when we are observing, asses prattle and planning for your babys individual ineluctably. These areas fall in sure that we are constantly challenging the child and easeing them to become and succeed.There are seven areas of study and they are split into 2 partsThe 3 prime areas, which are for all children and pull up s ca-cas al counselings, be the main focus of the planning an d activities for babies and children under 3.The 4 specific areas, they are for all the cured children (over 3s) but are also relevant for young children.These are the 3 prime areasPersonal, social and emotional using (PSED)PSED involves backup children in split uping and sustaining authorized relationships. It supports children in expressing and managing their feeling and behaviour and encourages them to develop a sense of self-importance-esteem and effrontery. It also covers how children leaventh ground friends and shared and takes turns. fleshly nurturePhysical ontogeny involves encouraging children to be sprightly in their stand for and learning. This area is roughly how children move and uses gross motor skills, develop fine motor skills, learn ab unwrap full-blooded living and take self-care independently. dialogue and LanguageThis area involves children developing the skills required to become an strong speaker and listener. It involves children to listen an d pay attention, regard what is being said and intercourse with others.Accurate identification of the 3 prime areas of learning and a peachy overview of what each area involves.These are the four specific areasLiteracyThis area of learning and growth is ab unwrap how children enjoy reading book, interchange adequates to conduct marks, learn to save up and stars to explore phonics and letter sounds.MathematicsThis area involves how children learn ab disclose poem and counting, recognising the passing of fourth dimension and explores measures, capacity, space, shapes, opposites etc. during play.Understanding the manhoodThis area learning and development is about(predicate) how children find out about nature and the world approximately them, talk about people and their local community and learns about similarities and differences and learns to confidently use ICT equipment.Art and useThis area of learning and development is about how children enjoy being creative, sings a nd dances and makes music, plays imaginatively and uses express themselves. quotations www.optimuseducation.comwww.bridgewater.herts.sch.uk (NEW EYFS Summary 2012.pdf) nifty.Q.2. formulate how planning deal be devised to promote the individual get hold ofs of children? every last(predicate) children develop at their take rate and in their avouch clipping this should be remembered when planning activities. Children develop quickly in early years and as early years practitioners we need to do all that we can do to help children have the best possible start in life.Children are born ready, able and eager to learn. They actively reach out to interact with other people and in the world around them. outgrowth is not and automatic process, however it depends on each unique child having opportunities to interact in positive relationships and enabling environments.Early years be should build on what children already populate and can do, no child should be excluded or disadvantage be cause of ethnicity, culture or religion home office language, family background, special education needs dis faculty or ability. To be powerful an early years curriculum should be carefully structured.In that structure there should be three strands.Provision for the incompatible startle points from which children develop their learning, building on what they can already do.Relevant and set aside content that matches the different level of young children needs.Planned and purposeful action mechanism that provides opportunities of teaching and learning, both indoors and outdoors.There should be opportunities for children to require, in activities which are intend by adults and also those that they plan or initiate themselves. Good point. As a practitioner we must be able to acknowledge and respond appropriately to children, in found by knowledge of how children develop and learn a clear gaining of possible next travel in their development and learning.Activities need to be planned properly it should engage children in the learning process and help them make progress in their learning. Children to have replete and simulating sire, the learning environment should be well planned and well organised. It provides the structure for teaching within which children explore experiment, plan and make decisions for them thus enabling them to learn, develop and make good progress.As practitioner we need to understand and observe each childs development and learning progress. For example in response of a childs experience of breaking an arm and bringing in her x-ray, and children portraying worry in the childs plaster cast. Practitioners can set up a hospital in the nursery setting. They can add answer area with telephone, children can take a role of receptionist answering calls and making appointments. Children can dress up as doctors, nurses and patients. Practitioners can demo children how to use bandages. Although children join and leave the play, many su stain their attention for a unyielding time. Some play a number of roles and perform many actions, bandage some repeat and practise the experiences important to them. A good example.The practitioners should make sure that the children spend their time in worthwhile and challenging activities. passim the session there is a supportive routine with a incorporate of group and individual activities together with opportunities for children to make choices about activities. This provides the security which promotes confidence and the challenge which promotes learning.Source www.foundationyears.org.ukhttp//osclinks.com/618Q.3. Describe how practitioner can support childrens learning and development in each area of learning? florescence areasThere are three prim areas of learning. 1. Physical Development2. Communication and language development 3.Personal, social and emotional development.These prime areas convey to develop from a base of secure, loving relationship and positive. The ar ea of physical development is divided into devil aspects.Moving and handlingMoving and handling looks at childrens development of gross and fine motor skills. Children can draw good control and co-ordination in large and small movements. They move confidently in a range of ways, safely negotiating space. They handle equipment and tools effectively, including pencil for writing.From birth, babies bulge their development and bequeath first learn to turn their heads towards sounds or talented lights. Development is rapid in the early years and babies will learn to hold their head up, move their arms and legs, roll over and gain control of their bodies to sit up. Major developmental milestones are achieved within this aspect, much(prenominal) as crawling, walking, running, jumping and climbing.Health and self-careIn health and self-care development children needs to know the importance for good health of physical exercise, and a healthy diet, and talk about ways to keep healthy a nd safe. Babies express pique when they are hungry or thirsty by dint of crying to insure their needs are met. Babies will often show excitement in anticipation for their feed. As babies are weaned onto solid food, they will begin to open their mouth for a spoon and as they become older will show an interest in feeding themselves using a spoon and their fingers. Children will be willing to try tonic and different food textures and tastes, but will begin to form likes and dislikes with their food.Children need to coiffure their let basic hygiene and personal needs successfully, including dressing and personnel casualty to the toilet independently.The area of communication and language is divided into three aspects listen and attentionThis looks at childrens development of earshot skills. Children listen attentively in range of situations. From birth, children will begin to tune in to the sounds around them, turning to look for where the sound has come from and recognising thei r main carers voice. These skills of perceive develop and refine as a child becomes older they will be able to differentiate between voices and will begin to understand the meaning of words. As children come to the end of early years their listening and attention skills will be more than mature. They listen to stories, accurately anticipating advert events and respond to what they hear with relevant comments, questions or actions. Children give their attention to what others scan and respond appropriately, while engaged in another bodily function.UnderstandingIn this area we look at how children learn to understand the principles of language and communication. Children deliver the goods instructions involving several ideas or actions. They answer how and why questions about their experiences and in response to stories or events. They continue their development by gaining understanding of the meanings of adept words such as mummy, daddy, no. The complexity of the words and s entences a child understands and can respond to increases as a child grows older.SpeakingSpeaking looks at how children actually use language. It includes childrens oral and non-verbal communication. Children express themselves effectively, showing awareness of listeners needs. They use past, present and future forms accurately when talking about events that have happened or are to happen in the future. They develop their own narratives and explanations by connecting ideas or events.The area of personal, social, emotional development is divided in three aspectsMaking relationshipThis looks at the way in which babies and young people develop relationships. Children play co-operatively, taking turns with others. They take account of one anothers ideas about how to organise their activity.They show sensitivity to others needs and feelings, and form positive relationships with adultsand other children.Self confidance and self awarancessChildren are confident to try new activities, and say why they like some activities more than others. They are confident to speak in a familiar group, will talk about their ideas, and will choose the resources they need for their chosen activities. They say when they do or dont need help. Children will develop confidence to express their feelings and opinions and will be able to set apart their own activities that interest them.Managing feelings and behaviourChildren talk about how they and others show feelings, talk about their own and others behaviour, and its consequences, and know that some behaviour is unacceptable.They work as part of a group or class, and understand and make out the rules.They adjust their behaviour to different situations, and take changes of routine in their stride.The four specific areas1. Literacy 2. Maths 3. Understanding the world 4. Expressive arts and figThe area of literacy is divided into two aspectsReadingChildren read and understand dewy-eyedton sentences. They use phonic knowledge to decode regular words and read them aloud accurately. They also read some common irregular words. They display understanding when talking with others about what they have read.WritingChildren use their phonic knowledge to write words in ways which match their mouth sounds. They also write some irregular common words. They write simple sentences which can be read by themselves and others. Some words are spelt correctly and others are phonetically plausible.MathmathicsThe area of maths is divided into two aspectsNumeracyChildren count reliably with numbers from 1 to 20, place them in order and say which number is one more or one less than a given number. Using quantities and aspirations, they add and subtract two single-digit numbers and count on or back to find the answer. They sack up problems, including doubling, halving and sharing.Shape, space and measuresChildren use public language to talk about size, weight, capacity, position, distance, time and money to compare quantities and o bjects and to solve problems. They recognise, create and describe patterns. They explore features of everyday objects and shapes and use mathematical language to describe them.Expressive art and designThe area of art and design is divided into two aspectsExploring and using media and materialsChildren sing songs, make music and dance, and experiment with ways of changing them. They safely use and explore a variety of materials, tools and techniques, experimenting with colour, design, texture, form and function.Being ImagantiveChildren use what they have learnt about media and materials in original ways, hark backing about uses and purposes. They represent their own ideas, thoughts and feelings through design and technology, art, music, dance, role-play and stories.Understanding the worldThis area has three areas of aspects mint and communitiesChildren talk about past and present events in their own lives and in the lives of family members. They know that other children dont always enjoy the comparable things, and are sensitive to this. They know about similarities and differences between themselves and others, and among families, communities and traditions.The worldChildren know about similarities and differences in relation to places, objects, materials and living things. They talk about the features of their own immediate environment and how environments might vary from one another. They make observations of animals and plants and develop why some things occur, and talk about changes.TechnologyChildren recognise that a range of technology is used in places such as homes and schools. They select and use technology for particular purposes.Source www.silkysteps.com/2012-eyfs-early-learning-goals.htmlQ. 4. Evaluate how the effective characteristics of learning can promote childrens learning and development.The Unique Child reaches out to relate to people and things through the Characteristics of Effective Learning, which move through all areas of learning.- playing and exploring( conclusion out and exploring) (Playing with what they know) (Being willing to have a go)-active learning(Being involved and concentrating) (Keeping on trying) (Enjoying achieving what they set out to do)-creating and thinking critically(Having their own ideas) (Making links) (Choosing ways to do things and finding new ways)Playing and exploringPlay and exploration are secernate ways that children to learn. As Vygotsky, the famous Russian psychologist whose work has been so important to our understanding of child development, stated in play the child operates at their highest level beyond his average age, above his daily behaviour in play it is as though he were a head taller than himself (Vygotsky, 1978 102).Finding out and exploringExploratory play is important to all of us. It is how babies begin to understand their surroundings and the relationships between themselves and others, using all their senses and every part of the body. Gopnik e al. (1999) descri be babies and toddlers as young scientists, testing out and often repeating the same actions time and again to establish an idea about the object in question and what their own actions can do. Their explorations continue as they grow and develop.Playing with what they knowFrom the beginning as they play and explore, babies and young children build a repertoire of knowledge, skills and understanding, using memory, and they are also able to retrieve possibilities.Being willing to have a goThrough play, children will develop their self-confidence and will enjoy challenge and risk. They will have a positive attitude and will be more possible to try out new experiences and activities without fear of failure. There is no activity children are better prepared for than fantasy play. Nothing is more undeviating and risk-free, and the dangers are only pretend (Paley, 2004 8).Active learningThe second characteristic of learning is not about being physically active, which of course is impor tant in childrens learning and development, but refers to being mentally active and alert.Being involved and concentratingWhen a child is deeply involved she/he cannot easily be distracted. The importance of play andexploration cannot be underestimated as it is when children make their own choices, follow their natural curiosity and own condition of thought that deep involvement is most likely to happen.Keeping on tryingThrough trying out new experiences and activities, children will experience and disappointment. This aspect looks at how children persist in challenging activities and tries out substitute(a) methods when difficulties occur. This process promotes problem-solving skills in children and will support the development of self-confidence. As before long as children become able to evaluate themselves, some of them are acrophobic of challenges. They become afraid of not being smart (Dweck, 2008 16)Enjoying achieving what they set out to doSucceeding at their activities a nd achieving new skills will give children a feeling of satisfaction and pride in their own abilities. Children will be proud of the process they have followed in order to achieve the delegate and will be more likely to try out pass on activities to achieve that same sense of satisfaction.Creating and thinking criticallyWhen children have opportunities to play with ideas in different situations and with a variety of resources, they discover connections and come to new and better under-standings and ways of doing things. Adult support in this process enhances their ability to think critically and ask questions. (EYFS card 4.3, 2008)Having their own ideasEnabling children to think critically and creatively means encouraging them to play and investigate, providing a rich environment with interesting things to discover, explore and wonder about and, crucially, time to do so.Making linksOnce a child has discovered their own ideas and methods, they will be excited to try them out. Pract itioners can support this through engaging in sustained shared thinking with the child to help them to further explore their ideas.Choosing ways to do thingsThis aspect of the Characteristics of Learning involves the child in making choices as to how to go about something and is not about following instructions. When children are involved in their own self-chosen activities they are more likely to want to find the right strategy to achieve their goal.Source mcgraw-hill.co.uk/openup/chapters/9780335247530.pdfhttp//osclinks.com/618