Friday, May 31, 2019

The Prostitute In Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment, Notes from Undergr

The Prostitute In Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment, Notes from Underground, and The Meek OneThe ill-treat is a curious fixture of Victorian era literature. In the works of William Thackeray and Samuel Richardson it was almost clich for the heroine to end up in a house of prostitution and then to pass off that situation in a show of proper Victorian morals. Having seen many young women forced by extreme poverty to take up the look at of a loose woman, Fyodor Dostoevsky, a petit-bourgeois fallen on hard times himself, took a rather different approach to the whole issue he accepted that these women were not utterly without merit as so many people of the time thought. Georg Brandes spoke accurately when he said, Dostoevsky preaches the morality of the pariah, the morality of the slave. Dostoevsky explored these themes through prostitute characters in many of his works. The most famous of these characters are found in Crime and Punishment, Notes from Underground, and The Meek One. Eac h of these presents a unique approach to the condition of prostitutes and the line of their redemption. In Crime and Punishment, Dostoevsky uses the character of Sonia Marmeladov, whose first name means wisdom, not solely to illustrate Gods mercy toward a fallen woman but to view her redeem both herself and Raskolnikov through Gods mercy. As in the parable given by Father Zosima on his death bed in The Brothers Karamazov, Raskolnikovs initial liaison to Sonia in Book I functions as his stalk of grain which keeps him from being completely severed from Gods grace. Just as the old woman in the parable was without merit except for the fact she gave the beggar a stalk of grain, Raskolnikov lacks merit after his murderous deed exce... ...uments of grace. But most importantly, he tells us that without our confess attempt to transcend our sinful nature we will fail like the Underground Man or leap to our spiritual and physical doom as the heroine of The Meek One did. We are all Raskol nikov, we are all Sonia. The key is to strive, strive harder and strive forever to reach the unreachable perfection lost to us and unreachable without God. Works Cited and ConsultedDostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment. Trans. Constance Garnett. New York Bantam, 1981. Dostoevsky, Fyodor. The Brothers Karamazov. Trans. Constance Garnett. New York Signet Classics, 1999. Dost. Research Station. Ed. Christiaan Stange. Vers. ? 17 July 1999 - kiosek.com/dostoevsky/quotations.html Martinsen, Deborah A., ed. Notes From Underground, The Double, and Other Stories. New York Barnes and Noble Classics NY, 2003.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Mother-Daughter Communication in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club Essay

Mother-Daughter Communication in Amy Tans The Joy parcel Club Of the m any stories involving the many characters of The Joy Luck Club, I hope the central theme connecting them all is the inability of the mothers and their daughters to communicate effectively. The mothers all have stories of past struggles and hard times yet do not believe their daughters truly appreciate this fact. The mothers of the story all want their daughters to never have to go through the struggles they themselves had to go through, yet they are disappointed when their daughters grow up and do not exhibit the respect or strength of their mothers. This is the ironic paradox of the story. The Chinese mothers came to the United States to escape the difficult life they led in China and to start fresh in the United States. They did not want their children to grow up as they had. The short story in the beginning of the nurse describes this feeling. Then the woman and the be adrift sailed across an ocean ma ny thousands of li wide, stretching their necks toward America. On her journey she cooed to the swan In America I give have a daughter just like me. But oer there nobody will say her worth is measured by the speciousness of her husbands belch. Over there nobody will look down on her, because I will make her speak only perfect American English. And over there she will always be too full to swallow any sorrow She will know my meaning, because I will give her this swan - a creature that became more than what was hoped for. Even though this is just a short story before the long one begins and is not actually attributed to any specific character in the story, I believe it accurately describes all the mothers feelings a... ...tionships in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club and The Kitchen Gods Wife. Women of Color Mother Daughter Relationships in 20th Century Literature. Ed. Elizabeth Brown-Guillory. Austin U of Texas P, 1996. 207-27. Ghymn, Ester Mikyung. Images of Asian American Women by As ian American Women Writers. Vol. 1. New York Peter Lang, 1995. Heung, Marina. Daughter-Text/Mother-Text Matrilineage in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club. Feminist Studies (Fall 1993) 597-616. Huntley, E. D. Amy Tan A Critical Companion. Westport Greenwood P, 1998. Ling, Amy. Between Worlds Women Writers of Chinese Ancestry. New York Pergamon, 1990. Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. Vintage Contemporaries. New York A Division of Random House, Inc. 1993. Wong, Sau-ling Cynthia. recitation Asian American Literature From Necessity to Extravagance. Princeton Princeton UP, 1993

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Group Proposal :: essays research papers

Dear Sir or MadamThank you for your most recent request for information well-nigh our company and its products. Our company was founded by Chris Griffith in 1974. Primarily for the U.S. military, doing top secret research and development. Our first consumer product is the Easy Finder contrasted Control.I am very excited intimately our new product. We are targeting a nation wide release date of June 1st, 1999. Our new remote will have many an(prenominal) economic consumptionr friendly features such as code learn, sound activated locator, and an illuminated keypad. With code learn, you point your current remote at the base of the patrician finder and it learns the code for your TV, VCR or cable box. The sound activated locator, responds to a snap of the fingers. Upon activation a loud 80 decibel piezo trump card "BEEPS", and a super bright LED flashes for visual confirmation in locating the remote. An illuminated keypad keeps you from fumbling with buttons in the dark by inflaming up the keys with color coded lights.Please look over enclosed material. We will start taking orders on May 1st 1999. Release date is square off for June 1st 1999. Im looking forward to doing business with you in the near future.Sincerely,Chris GriffithPresident, Hawk ElectronicsTable of ContentsI.     Cover Letter     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     ivII.     Introduction     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     1A. exercise .     .     .     .     .    &nb sp.     .     .     1B. Problem      .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     1III.     Proposal.     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     2A. Solution.     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     2B. Technical Description     .     .      .     .     .     .     .     3IV. Illustrations .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     4A. Remote Technical Description      .     .     .     .     .     4B. Operating operating instructions     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     5V. Executive Summary      .     .     .     .     .     .      .     6VI. Conclusion     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     6II. INTRODUCTIONA. PURPOSEThis is a proposal to sell the new Easy Finder Remote Control to Circuit City, Seattle, Washington. The purpose of our product is to save the public from hours of wasted time searching for the remote control.B. PROBLEMSince Television, VCR, and other entertainment devices started offering the lavishness of remote control, people have been losing them. Since then weve all been stuck with the task of trying to find them. Also many people have found it difficult to use a remote in the dark or low lit areas, such as bedrooms or bars. V. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYPeople often crowd out things like T.V. and VCR remote controls, and often spend valuable ti me looking for them. Here at Hawks Incorporated, we feel there is something we can do about it. By installing a sound activated locator, and a lighted display panel, weve found the answer to locating your remote. In doing this we feel youll save time, money, calm at least a little of that every day stress.III. PROPOSALA. SOLUTIONThe people at Hawks Electronics have found a solution for scattered remote.

Access to Information - The Widening Gap Essay -- Exploratory Essays R

Access to cultivation - The Widening GapThe Digital Divide is a buzz phrase heard now in North America. It refers to the growing divide between people who have and do not have access to breeding specifically via the mesh. There ar various forms of digital divides but the one that is the most despair is the global digital divide between industrialized countries and developing soils. Optimists feel that the internet and information it carries brings potential to societies of developing nations but pessimists feel that the internet offers no new potential for developing nations but rather it reinforces existing divisions of inequality. Various positive and prejudicial outlooks will be delved into in this essay to give a broader perspective of the scenario of the global digital divide. One could also very well argue that information technology will not stop spreading around the globe and in fact there are many projects and policies being put up to expand information and dialogue technologies (ICTs) all around the world. By identifying this, working on bridging the global digital divide and trying to utilize information communication technologies to their full potential is what should be done because it will be a very complex procedure do to the inherit original problems developing countries already are dealing with. This essay will also explore efficient ways of bridging this immense gap. There are many plausible reasons why the internet age may reinforce disparities between postindustrial economies at the core of the network and developing societies at the periphery. (Pippa, p5) It will be hard for developing nation to get on the internet bandwagon because of plagues such as burdens of debt, dieses, fami... ...vember 3/03. Online athttp//www.dotforce.org/reports/matrix.htmlNorris, Pippa. Digital Divide, Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet World Wide. Cambridge University press, 2001.Servon, Lisa. Bridging the Digital Divide. Technol ogy, Community, and Public Policy. The Information Age Series. Oxford Blackwell publishing, 2002.United Nations Activities Addressing the Digital Divide Building Digital Bridges for The 21st Century. Prepared by the Centre for Global Studies at the University of Victoria with the financial aid of the International Development Research Centre. August 2000. Referenced on November 11/03. Online athttp//www.globalcenters.org/html/docs/digital.pdfWarchauer, Mark. Technology and Social Inclusion Rethinking the Digital Divide. Cambridge Massachusetts build of technology, 2003.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

No Heros in The Red Badge of Courage and A Farewell to Arms Essay

No Heros in The Red Badge of Courage and A Farewell to Arms Many great literary novels have the protagonist, the main(prenominal) character of the novel, being portrayed as the hero. There are many different deeds and actions that can characterize a person as a hero such as saving someone from a burning house at the risk of ones own life. The main distinguishing characteristic of a true hero is self-sacrifice, whether it be scarifice of your own personal desires or ideals or sacrifice of physical well being to patron others. There are a few novels in which the main character of the work does non exemplify the deeds and thought of a true hero. Two such works complicate Stephen Cranes The Red Badge of Courage and Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to Arms. Both The Red Badge of Courage and A Farewell to Arms have war as the background of the story. War is the perfect setting in which one can be tested to see if he or she is a hero. This idea is the major framework of The Re d Badge of Courage, in which Henry Fleming aspires to be a man, a hero in the eyes of the masses by enlisting in the army. Henrys goal of returning a man from war has already marred his image of being a potential hero because his thoughts are about himself and not about the welfare of others. Also, the fact that he wants to impress people and appear heroic is a selfish aspiration. Heroes act not to impress others but to help them. Usually the actions of a hero are impulsive and not premeditated because the hero does what he/she believes is right and what their heart tells them is right and not what others judge is right. In The Re... ...ern Critical Interpretations Stephan Cranes The Red Badge of Courage. New Yourk Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Cody, Edwin H. Stephen Crane. Revised Edition. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1980. Crane, Stephen. The Red Badge of Courage. Logan, IA Perfection Learning Corporation, 1979. Fielder, Leslie A. Understanding the American Novel. New York beer mug and Day, 1975. Gibson, Donald B. The Red Badge of Courage Redefining the Hero. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1988. Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. New York Charles Scribners Sons, 1929. Weeks, Robert. Hemingway A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1962. Wolford, Chester L. Stephen Crane. Critical Survey of vast Fiction. Ed. Frank N. Magill. English Language Series. Vol. 2. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Salem Press, 1991.

No Heros in The Red Badge of Courage and A Farewell to Arms Essay

No Heros in The Red Badge of Courage and A Fare advantageously to munition Many great literary novels have the protagonist, the main character of the novel, being portrayed as the hero. There are many different plant and actions that can characterize a person as a hero such as saving someone from a burning house at the risk of ones own life. The main distinguishing characteristic of a true hero is self-sacrifice, whether it be scarifice of your own personal desires or ideals or sacrifice of physical well being to help others. There are a few novels in which the main character of the work does not exemplify the deeds and thought of a true hero. Two such works include Stephen Cranes The Red Badge of Courage and Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to Arms. Both The Red Badge of Courage and A Farewell to Arms have war as the background of the story. War is the perfect setting in which one can be tested to gather if he or she is a hero. This idea is the major framework of The Red Badge of Courage, in which Henry Fleming aspires to be a man, a hero in the eyes of the masses by enlisting in the army. Henrys goal of returning a man from war has already marred his image of being a potential hero because his thoughts are about himself and not about the welfare of others. Also, the fact that he wants to impress people and appear heroic is a self-seeking aspiration. Heroes act not to impress others but to help them. Usually the actions of a hero are impulsive and not premeditated because the hero does what he/she believes is right field and what their heart tells them is right and not what others judge is right. In The Re... ...ern vituperative Interpretations Stephan Cranes The Red Badge of Courage. New Yourk Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Cody, Edwin H. Stephen Crane. Revised Edition. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1980. Crane, Stephen. The Red Badge of Courage. Logan, IA ne plus ultra Learning Corporation, 1979. Fielder, Leslie A. Understanding th e American Novel. New York Stein and Day, 1975. Gibson, Donald B. The Red Badge of Courage Redefining the Hero. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1988. Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. New York Charles Scribners Sons, 1929. Weeks, Robert. Hemingway A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1962. Wolford, Chester L. Stephen Crane. Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Ed. Frank N. Magill. English Language Series. Vol. 2. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Salem Press, 1991.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Accomplishment Report Format Essay

IntroductionThe school year 2005-2006 is still blissful for Sagada National High School. It is still an emerging battle and struggle to have a school building, a Filipino teacher, and basic facilities like library, chairs, and laboratory. As of now SNHS still squats on a destroy bayanihan building and a makeshift building in the compound of the Sagada Central Elementary School. In spite of these limitations, the school continues to reap honors for its name and to make a difference. For this school year it asserted its strong presence in mathematical competitions. Twice in a row, it represented the Division in the Regional MTAP unwritten in the fourth year level. It participated in the National Press Conference held in Kalibo, Aklan. It also shines in sports as well as in hit contests. Aside from MPGCHS, Sagada National High School is one of only dickens SMART schools in the Division of Mt. Province.Its application has already been approved. A tie up with SMART means the implement ation of the ICT curriculum one of the signature programs of the school. SMART has already started providing for technical training for the faculty members. The inauguration of the school as a SMART school was moved from March to June. Through a raffle fund raising project, the school was able to acquire sise figurer units. all(prenominal) in all it has 13 computers, including five, courtesy of Hon. congresswoman Dominguez.This last April the computer laboratory was set up. This is for the graduates to have summertime computer training before they register for college this coming school year. This humbling experience was made possible due to the dedication and commitment of the faculty members and the strong support of the PTCA and other stake holders of the school. canonical Performance Indicators1. Promotion Rate- 259/281 = 92.17%2. Completion Rate- 67/89 = 75.28%3. Graduation Rate- 67/69 = 97.10%4. Retention Rate- 136/150 = 90.67%5. Dropout Rate- 7/281 = 2.49%6. Cohort Surviv al Rate- 69/89 = 77.53%7. Repetition Rate- 3/295 = 1.02%8. Gross Teacher Ratio= 281/9 = 1319. Participation Rate- entropy not available10. Gross Enrollment Ratio- Data not complete11. Transition Rate-Data not completeEnrollmentWe expected that the enrollment of SNHS dropped considerably because of the attractive facilities offered by St. Marys School. There was a massive recruitment by the alumni of Saint Marys. However, tentative enrollment posted by the school shows that SNHS posted a total of 71 commencement year students while SMS has only 32 first year students. The table below shows the actual enrollmentHighlights of Accomplishment1. Acquisition of six computers through a raffle fund raising- Through the initiative of the PTCA, the faculty members and the student body the they were able to raise a considerable amount used to purchase six computer units.2. Setting up of the Computer Laboratory- SNHS cant afford to lose its students just because it does not have a computer lab oratory which is promptly available at the Saint Marys School. Aside from the six computers which came from the fund raising, we were able to solicit other units and together with the computers given by Congressman Dominguez, we have 13 units. With this we set up the computer laboratory with the help of our Peace Corp volunteer Mr. Daniel Ziegler. Right now our graduates are having hands-on summer training in computer drill.3. Tying-up with SMART- SNHS is a SMART school. SMART company approved our application hence it will assist us by grownup two computers, computer accessories like printers, web cameras, and scanner.Besides, they will assist us in the installation of the internet connection for the students and right now two of our teachers were on technical training for this in Subic. Ultimately they will be with us in the planned implementation of the ICT curriculum.4. Setting-up of our Website- It has been a year since SNHS came online. This is courtesy of Mr. Kent Sinkey, a retired computer analyst from the University of Cincinnati who assisted us in the setting up of our website. A member of the PTCA based in London is shouldering the cost of the website for the school. Mr. Sinkey also trained two of our students in website development.5. Free Summer Training in Computer Usage- As requested by the PTCA, the graduates arehaving summer training on computer usage in the computer laboratory of the school. Daniel Ziegler our Peace Corp volunteer is assisting us in computer instruction.6. At the beginning of the 2005-2006 school year the faculty donated currency so the school could have an internet connection in order to do faculty research, have e-mail and maintain this electronic yearbook. Josephine Buyagan was kind teeming to donate the money necessary for our domain name and website hosting.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Interpersonal Communication Application Paper

I have never been the same person totally that I am with people. (Phillip Roth) I can outright concern with this quote, Im sure quite a few people can. So often, we act other than in private than we do with others. Of course, its all dependent upon who the others be. For example, we may determine much comfortable being our true selves with our friends and become more reserved with colleagues. This is not necessarily how all universe coif, nearly folks have no problem being exactly who they argon at all times no matter whose company they ar in.I admire this quality when it is not coming from someone I perceive as obnoxious. Certainly, factors such as perception, culture, and the people we are communicating with forget exploit how we brook in public as opposed to private. Most immediately, I think how we perceive ourselves and how we think other people perceive us bequeath turn our behavior in given situations. Were all so different and our experiences tend to shape ou r personalities. Some of us are naturally extrospective and social, spot others are more introverted and feel best without the company of others.Both scenarios present their own challenges and behaviors provide be influenced by these tendencies. Its generally really unclouded and preferred for the introverted personality to go through their day without the company of another, while a more extroverted individual might feel genuinely lonely without anothers company. How these two represent in group functions will also vary. The outgoing individual will be rattling oftentimes in his element, and more likely to be cheerful and positive. An introverted person will be more shy and standoffish within the group.These are provided characteristics that go together, as presented in the book under the implicit personality theory. In either case, the behavior of the individual will vary whether they are but or with people. And this scenario is a more natural occurrence. Sometimes situ ations arise where we want others to see us as something we are not and well present ourselves in a certain manner that is not true to who we are, just to fit in or gain the trust of that particular group. When alone, we may let ourselves behave more naturally and feel less obliged to pretend.Cultures also influence how we behave in public and alone. Some cultures do not allow women to be in public without a headdress, while at home they are allowed to be more relaxed. In our American culture, Christianity teaches that women should be submissive to their husbands, so behaviors will defend this in a church setting or when out with church friends. At home, the wife may be the one who makes the final decisions, and the family will behave as such in that particular setting. Finally, the people with which we are communicating will impact what we say and how we say it.We communicate very differently when alone with our romantic partner, as opposed to being with him or her in public. The same is true for our relationships with parents, siblings, neighbors, casual friends or close friends. The words we choose and the sprightliness that we engage with any of these communications will vary from person to person and in private or amongst others. Every situation is completely unique. As a novelist, Phillip Roth presented many a(prenominal) fine quotes with regard to communication. It was a good exercise to apply what Ive learned from the text and be able to expand upon this particular quotation.interpersonal Communication Application PaperI have never been the same person alone that I am with people. (Phillip Roth) I can directly relate with this quote, Im sure quite a few people can. So often, we act differently in private than we do with others. Of course, its all dependent upon who the others are. For example, we may feel more comfortable being our true selves with our friends and become more reserved with colleagues. This is not necessarily how all humans behave, some folks have no problem being exactly who they are at all times no matter whose company they are in.I admire this quality when it is not coming from someone I perceive as obnoxious. Certainly, factors such as perception, culture, and the people we are communicating with will influence how we behave in public as opposed to private. Most immediately, I think how we perceive ourselves and how we think other people perceive us will influence our behavior in given situations. Were all so different and our experiences tend to shape our personalities. Some of us are naturally outgoing and social, while others are more introverted and feel best without the company of others.Both scenarios present their own challenges and behaviors will be influenced by these tendencies. Its generally very easy and preferred for the introverted personality to go through their day without the company of another, while a more extroverted individual might feel very lonely without anothers company. How these two behave in group functions will also vary. The outgoing individual will be very much in his element, and more likely to be cheerful and positive. An introverted person will be more shy and standoffish within the group.These are merely characteristics that go together, as presented in the book under the implicit personality theory. In either case, the behavior of the individual will vary whether they are alone or with people. And this scenario is a more natural occurrence. Sometimes situations arise where we want others to see us as something we are not and well present ourselves in a certain manner that is not true to who we are, just to fit in or gain the trust of that particular group. When alone, we may let ourselves behave more naturally and feel less obliged to pretend.Cultures also influence how we behave in public and alone. Some cultures do not allow women to be in public without a headdress, while at home they are allowed to be more relaxed. In our American culture, Chr istianity teaches that women should be submissive to their husbands, so behaviors will exemplify this in a church setting or when out with church friends. At home, the wife may be the one who makes the final decisions, and the family will behave as such in that particular setting. Finally, the people with which we are communicating will impact what we say and how we say it.We communicate very differently when alone with our romantic partner, as opposed to being with him or her in public. The same is true for our relationships with parents, siblings, neighbors, casual friends or close friends. The words we choose and the tone that we use with any of these communications will vary from person to person and in private or amongst others. Every situation is completely unique. As a novelist, Phillip Roth presented many fine quotes with regard to communication. It was a good exercise to apply what Ive learned from the text and be able to expand upon this particular quotation.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Did Black Power Groups Harm The Struggle For Civil Rights?

Did black-market index groups harm the struggle for civil rights? After the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Act of 1965 it seemed as though those who advocated undisturbed protests had got what they wanted. The government passed laws which theoretically gave vitriolic people an equal standing with white people. However, in reality discrimination was still rife in many part of America and the majority of black people lived in poverty, a badly condition to break out of.It can be said that Black Power groups actually helped Martin Luther Kings passive resistance insurance policy as people didnt want to support rage and Kings less(prenominal) controversial methods were then able to appeal to a wider group. However, Black Power groups can also be blamed for harming the struggle for civil rights. Two secernate groups were both fighting against the ill treatment of black people and Americans were made to choose who to support.With Black Power groups using such violent metho ds many turned to Martin Luther King and began to support him. Having groups using physical force and demanding unrealistic changes suddenly made Kings methods seem much more attractive and his aims faraway more reasonable. Nonetheless, Kings tactics were proving slow to procure any drastic changes and particularly in the North, Midwest and West, black Americans had gained little from Kings Civil Right Movement.Groups turning to violence to obtain results sent a message to the Americans that something should be done most the economic and social deprivation that black people faced. Black Power groups brought a sense of pride in being black and in the beginning during fundraising Black Power was able to seduce an impact in many different areas of America, they helped in the ghettos which had not felt Kings influence and provide help for poor school children.However, perceive black people using violence only cemented some Americans views of black people being inferior to whites. T hey saw the brute force being apply by Black Power groups as typical for every black person and thus were reluctant to consecrate any rights to black people. The use of violence may have even brought back Kings own movement, in white peoples eyes he was tainted by association, they placed black people all in the same class.The ghetto riots between 1964-1968 hindered the civil rights movement, black people fought among themselves and there were hundreds at fatalities and thousands of arrests and injuries, the government was loath to give rights to the people who had caused such devastation in America. The relative unity that King had created within the Civil Rights Movement during the Freedom Rides was disrupted by the formation of Black Power groups, this hampered the movement as previously all the groups had been working together toward a mutual goal.Black Power groups did not really have defined aims, leaders such as Carmichael were constantly changing their ideas leaving people unsure as to what Black Power groups were actually protesting against. In conclusion, Martin Luther Kings policy of passive resistance and using love as a weapon were not producing the results that black people wanted, poor people especially found it concentrated to relate to King as he was well-off, those living in ghettos responded more to the philosophy of Black Power.The moral high ground that King had worked so hard to obtain was shattered by Black Power and their idea that white people were inferior. Black Power groups enabled people to realise that something had to be done about the level of injustice that black people faced and although their methods were questionable it cannot be denied that they produced results.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Critical path method, Knowledge, Management Essay

The traditional check cycleMacAthurs show sequence instanceThe participatory project management cycleThen discuss which one of them is best suited to ensure that learning takes place and that project think improved. tally to Cusworth and Franks (19933) a project is the investment of capital in a time bound intervention to create productive assets. Capital will be referring to both human resources and physical resources and the productive refers to the outputs or end results of the project. A project can refer to vast array of development initiatives, ranging those designed to enhance through and through project intended to establish new organizational makes and sets of procedures ,for instance for delivering health care more efficiently ,to project takes place over a finicky time (time-bound ),it is intended to achieve a specific objective or set of objectives .There is two broad approaches to project planning namely directive (linear) synergetic learning process The traditio nal project cycle is the directive project cycle ,and is sometimes called the blueprint planning.Detailed plans are drawn up in advance and implementation occurs in a linear ,sequential fashion . discombobulate decisions taken during design and implementation are relatively pure and can be make into terms of a few controllable variables ,usually of a quantitative nature. The traditional project cycle is based on that assumption and does not easily check any deviations. Deviations such as scope change request can cause major upheavals in the project schedule. The project planning and management is viewed as a cyclic process. The advantage of this model is that it provides for a number of phases designed in such a way as to link the formulation of fundamental policy guidelines to specific projects and programmes . The project cycle is the framework used by the world bank to design ,prepare ,implement and supervise projects.In practice ,the Word bank and the borrow country work clo sely through out the project cycle although they have different roles and responsibilities .Generally the duration of the project cycle is long by commercialised standards.MacAthursproject sequence model also as interactive learning process. MacAthur sees his project sequence as an improvement on the typical cyclic model since it shows that this is genuine attempt to reflect reality ,not not just a simplified academic model. MacAthurs project sequence model is characteristics of projects ,namely that it usually requires considerable funding (investment ). This financial commitment is important ,and may come from within a country. The sequence cycle emphasis is on the individual project and not on the general process. Project sequence model on the role of the local is assumed and one of the project goals is to discover what to do in the environment .New learning is seen as essential to success , meaning is developed within the local context not imposed from outside .Objectives and strategies emerge from on-the-spot(prenominal) investigation . Resources ,activities and timetables are adjusted as experience is gained .Design decisions are experimental and dynamic . Modification occurs as learning takes place . Participatory project management cycle is used to work in a result-oriented and participatory way. With this approach the life span of projects or programmes is divided into various phases which together form the project cycle analysis , planning ,implementation ,monitoring ,evaluation and adjustment. Some organizations want to integrate project cycle management into their activities to meet external (donor) requirements. Others are looking for a new way of getting intended beneficiaries partners and their own personnel more involve in project management through participating and increased ownership. Project participatory management (PPM) is constantly involving . in collaboration with its clients .development in the use of project participatory manageme nt project contributes to its innovation .The knowledge acquired during this process is do to other interested parties . MacArthurs project sequence cycle is best suited to ensure learning place and that project planning is improved .Interactive planning is based on the premise of uncertainty ,the likely hood that conditions ,problems and solutions are not completely known to the outset knowledge must be obtained as the project proceeds and appropriate modifications made on the basis of this learning ,planning project decisions are often impure and made in terms of unsteady and often qualitative factors , by doing so it will give room to learning from the past projects and it will improve the project.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Marketing and New Communications Technologies

CHAPTER 1 1)Briefly compare and contrast the concepts of needs, wants, and demands, giving an example of each. Discuss how these concepts yoke to marketing practices. Needs are states of deprivation. For examples, physical needs for food, clothing, warmth, and safety social needs for belonging and affection and individual needs for knowledge and self-expression. Wants are the mark that needs take as they are shaped by cultural and individual personality. For example, an American needs food but wants a Big Mac, cut fries, and a soft drink.Demands is wants backed by buying power. For example, given their wants anfd resources, people demand products with benefits that add up to the most value and satisfaction. Outstanding marketing companies go to great lengths to learn about and understand their customers needs, wants, and demands. They conduct consumer research and analyze mountains of customer data. 2)In a short essay, discuss the challenges and advantages that tender communicati ons technologies have created for marketers.The new communications technologies has provided marketers with exciting new ways to learn about and track customers and create products and services tailored to individual customer needs. Its helping marketers express with customers in large group or one-to-one. Marketers also can create their own detailed customer databases and use them to target individual customers with offers designed to equate their specific needs. For example, by using the Internet, a direct marketer can tap into online data service to learn anything from what car you drive to what you read to what black rockweed of ice cream you prefer.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Dramatic Intentions Essay

The play A Midsummer Nights Dream is complex on various levels. Comedy is a key level of complexity. I would focus on comedy associated with slapstick, this would aid in the development of my key dramatic role of a victim theme. Examples of this theme can be found throughout the play but I am going to concentrate on human action 3 Scene 1. This is the scene were the mechanicals enter the wood. I feel slapstick would help aid the other comedy elements in this scene. Bottoms rail at of language, wit and physical comedy will also feature highly in this scene.When staging the play, I would use an apron acquaint this would establish a closer means/audience relationship. It would also allow me to use a backdrop, yet bring the action nearer to the audience. This would also help create a more intimate atmosp here(predicate) and aid in creating tension. My backdrop would be dark, using, browns, olive greens and black. I would use these colours in the form of immense tree trunks with oli ve green leaves the black would fill the gaps and help create the idea of night.This would also add to the tension, as the mechanicals would be anxious of ledger entry the wood. For the lighting, I would have it simple yet effective. I would wash the thrust in plain white, with a slight yellow/straw colour. I would wishing this to remain quite dim, but bright enough so that the audience could still see the action. With this lighting the actors are in the middle of the light, whence meet by darkness, this would also help create tension as it would symbolise how the actors dont know what surrounds them, and can only see in the subject area which they are rehearsing.To light the backdrop, I would use, batten floodlights to give a dim, but general wash. I would use green and purple these colours would represent the queer world, magic and a fantasy element, as the light is not from a natural source. I would have my mechanicals dressed in browns. I would use distinguishable browns but keeping them all similar. I think of the mechanicals as universe dressed rather scruffily to represent their class and place in society. Bottom so far would be dressed slightly differently.I would have Bottom in a suit, with a different jacket and trousers. I think this would convey his feature of his false sense of seniority. The other mechanicals, although wearing trousers and shirts, would wear brown, smocks/cloaks as no sections other than Bottom and Quince distinguishable from the group. thither would be a hang up fairy bed for Titania in the middle of the stage. This allows her to be onstage, but away from the action so she is not noticed until needed. I would highlight her battlefront with a pink light on her.The suspended platform would be draped in white material with flowers interwoven. This shows how she relates to nature. In the begging of Act 3 Scene 1 when the mechanicals enter, I want to establish some tension, but then break it suddenly with comedy. To do t his, when the scene is set, I would have to actors head on together huddled in a group. Bottom would be at the front of the group, leading the way. Although he is leading he would be cautious. The actor would keep his facial expression smirking nervously, with his eyes always wretched and searching.The remaining mechanicals would look petrified and hold onto each other desperately, constantly looking round and moving closer together for reassurance. To help with the tension, I would add sound effects of twigs snapping when stepped on, and animal noises such as an owl. When the casefuls hear these sounds, they would look round with complete brat on their face and move on, slightly quicker then before. As the actors reach the thrust, they would form a rough line, and then push Bottom forward, then running forward to him when realising they have no one at the front.All the characters speech would be delivered rather nervously, but Bottom although nervous, would speak in an authorit ive tone. When discussing the cleansing scene and the lion scene, the characters would be taking it very seriously, not considering the fact that they lack the experience or talent to fool the audience. Although this would not get an hearable response from the audience i. e. a laugh, this would be designed to hold back the audience because of the characters nai veti. that I Pyramus, am not Pyramus, but Bottom the WeaverThe audience would happen this particularly amusing when the actors sit to rehearse their play. While they are concerned they will be too convincing, Bottom and Flute both pronounce words wrong and must be corrected. To emphasise the word misuse from Bottom For there is not a more fearful wild fowl, than your living lion and saying thus, or to the same defect the characters would have a puzzled look on their faces as Bottom continued their speech. The fact that no character corrects may show their ignorance or respect for him.Through out the scene up to Come sit down every mothers boy the characters would be nervous but at this line they would incur more easy in their surroundings, yet still nervous. This then helps with the irony of what happens next. As the characters become less afraid, puck enters unseen the audience then know something comic will come soon. I find interpreting Puck as cosmos dark and manipulative helps enforce the slapstick comedy in this scene, as he chooses victims for his amusement.I see Puck as small in height, principally due to the way he walks, crouching low to the ground. He has very dark eyes but the white of his eyeballs stand out brilliantly. Puck has a object to rub his hands, which gives him a sinister air. With his line when Pyramus exits I will to thee appear Puck A stranger Pyramus than eer playd here the audience know Puck has selected Bottom as his victim and wait to see how he will amuse himself. When Bottom and Puck enter once again would use slapstick for the mechanicals reaction.Bott om would enter from behind the actors so the audience could react first, Bottom would then deliver his line confidently, and over acting. The mechanicals then beef towards the wings, falling over each other, the faces displaying the same fear the audience saw at the beginning of the scene. With Bottom left on his own, he becomes very nervous. The stage would then transform and I would add a slight purple wash on the thrust of the stage by using maybe a par can or single flood. This shows the audience that theres a change in atmosphere and prepares them for something to happen.When Bottom nervously sings the bed would lower. There is irony in Titanias line What angel wakes me from my flowery bed? The audience know Titania has the juice on her eyes and that to her she is being serious. I would again use the word play in Bottoms song and dares not answer nay on nay the character would whiney like a donkey. This is wit and should make the audience to laugh, as it is visual also. In c onclusion, I am using comedy to amuse and entertain the audience, but also it helps with the theme of victims when using slapstick.I find that when comedy if I use it to its full potential and bring the comedy to a high, the following scenes would have a greater impact on the audience. The following scene is Demetrius scorning Helena, which if performed well can bring the audience to a low. The scene could be so moving, the audience feel guilty for laughing at and enjoying the previous scene. The audience could then relate to the victims in the play, as they would feel that they have been a victim of guilt themselves. This is what I would hope the audience would get from my performance.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Black House Chapter Twelve

12A FEW MINUTES LATER, the pickup lurches to a halt between the last of the trees, where the macadam disappears into the weeds and t all(prenominal) grass. The Thnether Fives motorcycles stand tilted in a neat row a few yards ahead and off to his left. Wendell, who has replaced Freddy Saknessum on the seat, dies turn up and moves a few paces forward, hoping that none of the ripe aroma of dried sweat, unwashed flesh, and stale beer emerging from his fellow passengers has clung to his clothing. rear end him, he hears Freddy jumping down from the stick out of the truck as the others climb out and shut the doors without making any more than twice as much disturbance as necessary. All Wendell can see from his position is the colorless, rotting rear wall of Eds Eats rising from a thick tangle of poove Annes lace and tiger lilies. Low voices, one of them Beezer St. Pierres, come to him. Wendell gives the Nikon a quick once-over, removes the lens cap, and cranks a new roll of film int o place before pathetic with slow, quiet steps past the bikes and along the lieu of the ruined structure.Soon he is able to see the overgrown access road and the patrol elevator car astride it like a barrier. Down close to the highway, Danny Tcheda and Pam Stevens wrangle with half a dozen men and women who boast left their cars strewn like toys behind them. Thats non going to work much longer if Tcheda and Stevens are supposed to be a dam, the dam is about to spring some serious leaks. Good intelligence information for Wendell a maximum amount of confusion would give him a lot more leeway and make for a more colorful story. He wishes he could murmur into his recorder right now.The inexperience of Chief Gilbertsons force was evident in the futile efforts of Officers Tcheda and Stevens to turn back the numbers of those citizens eager to witness for themselves the a la mode(p) evidence of the Fishermans insanity . . . Ah, something, something, then but this journalist was able to place himself at the heart of the scene, where he felt proud and humbled to serve as the eyes and ears of his readers . . .Wendell hates to lose such splendid stuff, but he cannot be authentic he will remember it, and he does not dare to reward the risk of being overheard. He moves closer to the front of Eds Eats.The humble ears of the public take in the sound of Beezer St. Pierre and Dale Gilbertson having a surprisingly amiable converse directly in front of the building the humble eyes of the public observe hole Sawyer walking into view, an empty plastic bag and a baseball cap swinging from the fingers of his right hand. The humble nose of the public reports a truly awful stench that guarantees the presence of a decomposing body in the shabby particular structure to the right. Jack is moving a little more quickly than usual, and although it is clear that he is just going to his pickup, he keeps glancing from view to side.Whats going on here? Golden male child looks more than a little furtive. Hes acting like a shoplifter just stuffing the goodies under his coat, and golden boys shouldnt behave that way. Wendell raises his camera and focuses in on his target. There you are, Jack old boy, old fellow, old sport, crisp as a new peak and twice as sharp. Look pretty for the camera, now, and let us see what youve got in your hand, okay? Wendell snaps a picture and watches through his viewfinder as Jack approaches his truck. Golden Boy is going to stash those things in the glove compartment, Wendell thinks, and he doesnt want anyone to see him do it. Too unsound, kid, youre on Candid Camera. And too bad for the proud yet humble eyes and ears of French County, because when Jack Sawyer reaches his truck he does not climb in but leans over the side and fiddles around with something, giving our noble journalist a fine view of his back and nothing else. The noble journalist takes a picture anyhow, to establish a sequence with the next photo, in which Jack Saw yer turns away from his truck empty-handed and no longer furtive. He stashed his grubby treasures back there and got them out of sight, but what made them treasures? Then a lightning bolt strikes Wendell Green. His scalp shivers, and his crinkly hair threatens to straighten out. A great story just became unbelievably great. blasted Murderer, Mutilated Dead Child, and . . . the Downfall of a Hero Jack Sawyer walks out of the ruin carrying a plastic bag and a Brewers cap, tries to make sure he is unobserved, and hides the stuff in his truck. He found those things in Eds Eats, and he squirreled them away right under the nose of his friend and admirer Dale Gilbertson. Golden Boy removed evidence from the scene of a crime And Wendell has the proof on film, Wendell has the goods on the high-and-mighty Jack Sawyer, Wendell is going to bring him down with one god-almighty wide crash. Man oh man, Wendell feels like dancing, he does, and is unable to restrain himself from executing a clumsy jig with the wonderful camera in his hands and a doughy grin on his face.He feels so good, so triumphant, that he almost decides to forget about the four idiots waiting for his signal and just pack it in. just now hey, lets not get all warm and fuzzy here. The supermarket tabloids are panting for a nice, gruesome photograph of Irma Freneaus dead body, and Wendell Green is the man to give it to them.Wendell takes some other cautious step toward the front of the ruined building and sees something that stops him cold. Four of the bikers have gone down to the end of the overgrown lane, where they seem to be helping Tcheda and Stevens turn away the people who want to get a good look at all the bodies. Teddy Runkleman heard that the Fisherman stowed at least six, maybe eight half-eaten kids in that shack the news grew more and more sensational as it filtered through the community. So the cops can use the unnecessary help, but Wendell wishes that Beezer and crew were blowing the lid of f things instead of helping to keep it on. He comes to the end of the building and peers around it to see everything that is going on. If he is to get what he wants, he will have to wait for the perfect moment.A second FLPD car noses in through the vehicles hovering out on 35 and moves up past Tchedas car to swing onto the weeds and rubble in front of the old store. Two youngish part-time cops named Holtz and Nestler get out and stroll toward Dale Gilbertson, difficult hard not to react to the stench that gets more sickening with each step they take. Wendell can see that these lads have even more difficulty concealment their dismay and astonishment at seeing their chief engaged in apparently amiable conversation with Beezer St. Pierre, whom they probably suspect of myriad nameless crimes. They are farm boys, UW?CRiver Falls dropouts, who split a single salary and are trying so hard to make the grade as police officers that they ladder to see things in rigid black-and-white. Dale calms them down, and Beezer, who could pick each of them up with one hand and smash their skulls like soft-boiled eggs, smiles benignly. In response to what must have been Dales orders, the new boys trot back down to the highway, on the way casting worshipful glances at Jack Sawyer, the poor saps.Jack wanders up to Dale for a little confab. Too bad Dale doesnt know that his buddy is concealing evidence, hah Or, Wendell considers, does he know is he in on it, too? One things for sure it will all come out in the wash, once the Herald runs the telltale pictures.In the meantime, the dude in the straw hat and the sunglasses just stands there with his ordnance folded across his chest, looking serene and confident, like he has everything so under control that even the smell cant reach him. This guy is obviously a let out player, Wendell thinks. He calls the shots. Golden Boy and Dale want to keep him happy you can see it in their body language. A touch of respect, of deference. If they are covering something up, theyre doing it for him. however why? And what the devil is he? The guy is middle-aged, somewhere in his fifties, a generation older than Jack and Dale he is too stylish to live in the country, so hes from Madison, maybe, or Milwaukee. He is obviously not a cop, and he doesnt look like a businessman, either. This is one self-reliant mother that comes through loud-mouthed and clear.Then another police car breaches the defenses down on 35 and rolls up beside the part-timers. Golden Boy and Gilbertson walk up to it and greet Bobby Dulac and that other one, the make out boy, Dit Jesperson, but the dude in the hat doesnt even look their way. Now, thats cool. He stands there, all by himself, like a general surveying his troops. Wendell watches the whodunit man produce a cigarette, light up, and exhale a plume of white smoke. Jack and Dale walk the new arrivals into the old store, and this bird keeps on green goddess his cigarette, sublimely detached from ev erything around him. Through the rotting wall, Wendell can hear Dulac and Jesperson complaining about the smell then one of them grunts Uh when he sees the body. Hello boys? Dulac says. Is this shaft for real? Hello boys? The voices give Wendell a good fix on the location of the corpse, way back against the far wall.Before the three cops and Sawyer amaze to shuffle toward the front end of the store, Wendell leans out, aims his camera, and snaps a photograph of the mystery man. To his horror, the Cat in the Hat instantly looks in his direction and says, Who took my picture? Wendell jerks himself back into the trade protection of the wall, but he knows the guy must have seen him. Those sunglasses were pointed right at him The guy has ears like a bat he picked up the noise of the shutter. Come on out, Wendell hears him say. Theres no point in hiding I know youre there.From his reduced vantage point, Wendell can just see a read Police car, followed by French Landings DARE Pontiac, barreling up from the congestion at the end of the lane. Things seem to have reached the boiling point down there. Unless Wendell is wrong, he thinks he glimpses one of the bikers pulling a man out through the window of a nice-looking green Olds.Time to call in the cavalry, for sure. Wendell steps back from the front of the building and waves to the troops. Teddy Runkleman yells, Hoo boy Doodles screeches like a cat in heat, and Wendells four assistants charge past him, making all the noise he could wish for.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Financial Analysis of Yum Brands

A Financial Analysis of Yum Brands, Inc Restaurants be, and will continue to be, an extremely profitable business. As a result, manageholders who pull in interest in brands such as McDonalds and Starbucks need not to worry about detrimental implications for the victuals giants compared to more risky industries. One company in particular, Yum Brands (YUM), is some other brand investors should become known with. Consumers may recognize the more specific stores the company owns such as Taco Bell and pizza Hut, only investors should realize the sales and shekels increase associated with this organization.In addition, while thither are many companies in the restaurant industry, Yum not all rings familiar with consumers like Starbucks, but Yum engenders excellent financial intelligence at a level in a higher place its competitors. However, before trying to access these financial statements, it is important to visit more specifics about Yums business model. According to Reut ers, Yum is a quick service restaurant (QSR) with over 34,000 units in more than 100 countries and territories. These quick service restaurants include consumer favorites such as Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, wide John Silvers, and KFC.Whether the operating segment dish outs pizza or chicken, Yum develops, operates, franchises and licenses a worldwide system of restaurants, which prepare, package and sell a menu of food items. As each of these fast-food places is obvious to most readers in America, it is also sort of interesting that over 100 countries are familiar with these names as swell up. In position, segments like KFC were truly introduced in many markets like China before more obvious competitors like McDonalds. Since fast food is generally considered an inelastic, or non-cyclical, good, even during times of economic uncertainty, Yum will prosper.While most of its food is relatively tawdry compared to rivals such as Brinker and Darden, consumers will still flock to Yum rest aurants in similar volume during any present of the economic cycle. Therefore, revenue addition should continue to remain steady, but positive, year after year do Yum a great portfolio choice at any time. To justify this claim, during the former(prenominal) twelve months, Yum received a revenue mannikin, according to Reuters, of $9. 56 billion. This material body was a 5. 05% increase compared to the previous year number.While this increase in delimitation was a bit below the average year-to-year increase of 6. 58%, the difference in exploitation decline was only a 23% difference. Other companies like Brinker saw a 43% subnormality during this same time period. In addition, while nigh investors may critique the industry 11. 31% growth in sales during the past to Yums lower numbers, it is also important to realize that Yum supports the seconds highest sales figure in its industry, and appreciation of revenue growth will be frequently difficult than smaller- majusculeizati on companies to come-by.This is in addition to the fact that many lower-revenue companies in this industry are actually seeing negative sales growth (not deceleration) during the same time frame as the aforementioned analysis. With these thoughts on sales at hand, these numbers can be partd at the broadest of levels to illustrate that the steady increase and influx of money into Yum over its career has back up in the appreciation of its share impairment. Since 2003, not once has Yum seen a calendar year decrease in price. This comes with a 25% appreciation in 2006 and a 12% escalation so far in 2007 condescension the recent economic turmoil.These sales and share price indications illustrate that Yum will fair very well during all types of economic activity. Nevertheless, revenue cannot be the only financial analysis required to find splendid companies. It is vital to understand how efficient a company is in reducing costs and using capital and labor to actually produce the final good. These intangible-sounding comparisons can actually become tangible condition the use of margins. Starting from gross margins, investors should be happy to find out that over the past twelve months, growth at 25. 9% has been higher than the pervious quint year average of 24. 82%. While the spring is a bit below the industrys average of 29. 04%, it is important to stress that Yums revenue is the second highest in a fairly large industry, making outstanding margins difficult to come by. Nevertheless, compared to close revenue competitors, Yums gross margins are better than Starbuckss (23. 62%), Dardens (23. 50%), and Brinkers (16. 42%). In addition, Yums operating margins of 13. 14% are not only higher than its five year average of 12. 84%, but is doing better than the industrys twelve month margin of only 11. 76%.Moreover, these operating figures for Yum are also better than the same-time period numbers of Starbucks (11. 18%), Darden (9. 53%), and Brinker (7. 87%). While thes e numbers all indicate growth for Yum, the biggest instrument (that will be reassert later with valuation tactics) is earnings differences. Fortunately for Yum, a 16. 27% increase in earnings per share over the past year is 29. 74% higher that the companys five year average increase. Compared to competitors, all three of Brinker, Darden, and Starbucks saw a deceleration of earnings growth last year, and none of these yearly increases matched the top-revenue producer, Yum.While in that location is exposed evidence that Yum is great growth story, some investors may wonder whether Yum is overvalued given its success. Fortunately for these investors, this is not the case. In fact, some potential shareholders may make the claim that Yum is undervalued. Currently the industry has a P/E multiple of 31. 88 and a price to sales ratio of 2. 10. However, if analyst expectations are correct or and underestimate actual results (5/5 and 4/5 correct or below last five quarters for EPS and sale s respectively), Yum sees a forward price to sales ratio 1. 9 and price to earnings ratio of 20. 18. Now while these numbers are not extraordinarily undervalued, as companies like Darden have slightly lower figures, compared to the industry as a whole and competitors like Starbucks (2. 25 price to sales and 31. 48 price to earnings), Yums valuation is far from being labeled as a negative characteristic. Therefore, given good growth reports and not too much speculation relative to share price, there is watertight news from both further financial achievement and valuation.However, before reaching a final conclusion, there are some other indicators to look at. One of these criteria is management efficiency. According to Reuters, Yum had seen a 60. 80% roe figure for the past twelve months. While a bit smaller than the five year average, the number easily obliterates the industrial average and all three aforementioned market-cap competitors. This figure illustrates that Yum is not onl y increase its net profit year after year, but helping investors by purchasing back some of its stock. Although capital spending is a bit below industrial averages at -0. 0% over the past five years for Yum, the company still has a healthy balance sheet of cash, especially compared to its price (undervalued). In addition, efficiency also comes from the companys turnover ratios. Receivable turnover at 41. 62%, inventory turnover at 80. 93%, and asset turnover at 1. 61% are all quite above the industrial averages and many competitor averages as well. Solvency with a current ratio of 0. 59 is quite low, but inline relative to the rest of the industry, but fast food restaurants need not to worry too much about liquidating assets.In addition, 83. 13% of equity for Yum is owned by institutional investors. This number is above the industrial figure at 74. 07% and also above Dardens and Starbucks respective numbers. While there are many intelligent sell investors, having the real experts i n institutional investors carry the bulk of the company shows optimism for future performance. And in additional to this control, another enticement in a 1. 81% dividend yield should also help investors relay this company into more hands at a higher share price.Looking at the business model and fundamental features, there is strong evidence to support that investing in this company will yield strong returns. technically speaking, the share price of Yum just recently crossed both the 50 day SMA and EMAa bullish signal, and while there is encouragement to invest any time to profit from this company, now would be an close ideal situation. Therefore, with the above information provided to benefit long term investors, it is closely assured that investing in YUM Brands will produce genteel capital gains for shareholders. Article Source http//EzineArticles. com/712239

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Printed Books vs. E-Books Essay

We be currently in an environment where more people are read online newspapers, books and magazines than ever before No longer do we film to sit on the train or bus postureting inky fingers while nerve-wracking to tentatively turn the page of the paper in the crowded carriage, nor are we lumbered by having to carry nigh our books or magazines all day long. Instead, with a quick flick of a switch on our e-reader, chit or mobile device, we are instantly able to access a vast array of literature, informal gossip and daily news, all in an easily readable, bright and vivid way.We do not need to fret about adequate lighting, or if our paper is causing our seated neighbor an annoyance on the morning journey, we no longer worry about forgetting to buy our favourite magazine or disperse up the novel from the bedside table. Regardless of all this, the question arises Do we need print books or newspapers any longer? Asked about reading text files on a handheld device, defenders of prin t proclaim their love for the printed word, the belief of the paper, the experience of holding, owning and reading a somatic book.They also say that a physical book is some function superstar can take pleasure in, just seeing it on their shelf. They also mention that reading on electronic devices has bad impact on eyes, that it is tiring for eyes. Other advantage of printed books is their accessibility. The fact of the matter is that the volume of people in the world dont have Internet access. But people in favor of e-books have different opinion on this topic. First advantage of digital books is portability. The wonderful thing about electronic text is that it takes up virtually no room, in both a physical and digital sense.If we have a retentivity card, we can walk around with at least a dozen books, and probably many more than that. Even if we dont have a storage card, you can still walk around with a fair collection of three to six books (again, depending on book size and a vailable memory). In many situations its hard to carry even atomic number 53 book around with you. The storage abilities of some e-books allow readers to carry a reasonable collection of reading materials and/or reference texts. Second point in favor of e-books is variety of features.For starters, since most e-books are in some form of digital text file, we can search the text for words or phrases. This is encouraging when we want to find a quote or another specific section of the book. This can press clipping minutes, if not hours, off of wild goose chases for particular passages. Additionally, digital formats can be duplicated forever without putrefy or any real expense. This duplication ability can make it possible for us to consider books with our friends without ever having to actually give up one of our possessions.Of course, assuming copy protection doesnt get in the way. Next advantage mentioned by e-books followers is that they are in fact easy to read. The electronic format offers readers even more benefits over traditional paper books. eBooks can be read in a variety of lighting situations, and due to the backlighted screens that most Palm computers have, we can read an ebook in most low or no light situations, such as on the subway, during nighttime road trips, or in bed when we dont want to disturb your partner. Also, the readability of an e-book wont dismantle over time.The pages wont crumble because of high acid content, the binding can never break, and in that location can be no variations in the ink. Despite being criticized for their inconvenience and for being hard to read, e-books are often more convenient than their paper based counterparts. Regardless of future developments in e-reading technology, I say the book market will have plenty of room for paper books for quite some time, they wont be replaced, like vinyl records have not been supplanted by CDs. There everlastingly will be people who will buy printed book.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa Essay

The sub-Saharan Africa has been recognized inter depicted objectly for the p every overty which has taken a eagle-eyeder duration. This great duration of mendi keepcy in the sub-Saharan, has been existing as a ext remainder of diverse issues, among which is the low addresss of income. The constancy poverty has led to the mess miserable health status as well as forgetful living standards among other basic necessities. Various limitations take for enhanced a continuous poverty in the world, and to be more than specific in sub-Saharan Africa, and causing problems in trials to help the situation.Among these limitations is critical door which conducts the fiscal sources and savings of the sub-Saharan countries, the dysfunctional institutions, and likeness set up, among others. All these limitations equally participate in the application poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. sub-Saharan Africa lies on the bottom when comp atomic number 18d to other continent in terms of wealth, and this has been influenced a lot by the Africas low national savings. The national savings ar ascertain by the national finance, and the effects of interior(prenominal) finances suck up direct impact on national savings.Sub-Saharan Africa has low national savings because of their domestic finance is too little to support a good capital for person lapers in the Sub-Saharan Africa. This is because the workforce is high comp ared to the savings, in that respectfrom creating a breaking between the amount necessary to sustain the workers and the available amount. This has contributed a lot in the persistence of the poverty, because their has been an adjoin in the sources of labor, and then distributing the available low capital to the galore(postnominal) workers leads to workers getting very little, and this has led likewise to the depreciation of capital.Efforts to solve this has been made by reducing the issuance of skilled workers and increasing their capital in te rms of salary, but it has not been able to help, because when few pack work, it federal agency many people provide have no source of capital, therefore confideing on the small working population, which increases the ratio of dependants and consuming a lot of the capital gained from the salaries, thus leaving nothing to be saved. This shows that the poverty traps do-nothing be over jumped in education if mingled individuals increases scales in constitute of education in relating to skills premiums and household income.Poor delivery in Sub-Saharan countries has been influenced a lot by the minimal education attainment. According to statistics, the dependants ratio in Sub-Saharan Africa is high about 0. 9 dependants per individual worker, with 88 percentage of the dependants cosmos young children with the age of less than fifteen years. The labor force festering has also been limited by the HIV and AIDS epidemic which has creation continuously affecting the Sub-Saharan Af rica, thus louring the number of the skilled workers in the continent, who are pass judgment to be providing labor for the continent.The low domestic savings has been attest by the ratio between Gross national savings and Gross national income, and this was 17% harmonize to 2003 estimate by the World Bank. When these Sub-Saharan Africa countries are compared with the middle low income countries, the Sub Saharan Afri piece of tail countries position lies behind all other because their cyberspace national savings is low, as a result of depreciation of their fixed capital, collect(p) to low enthronizations and lack of replacement of the capital stock, thus continuous senescence of the stock which enhances the depreciation of the stocks value.According to the dodge below, it is clear that the national savings of Sub-Saharan countries in Africa is small to sustain the net increase in capital stock As a result of the poverty, the people in Sub-Saharan countries have dedicated the small income to the primary basic call for, and in particular consumption for their survival. This means that these people give consumption a priority, and since nothing is left after consumption, they end up not having anything to save. This explains wherefore its hard for the sub-Saharan countries continue being inside the poverty traps.Many people in the Sub-Saharan Africa do not have investment opportunities, bearing in mind that an investment has the ability to create its own savings this becomes inapplicable to these people because the investments which are expected to create the savings are not available. For utilisation after an interview to a Kenyan, one of the Sub-Saharan citizens, around twenty percent of the Kenyan citizens have a title deed, showing that the remaining eighty percent have no ownership to land.Despite the fact that land is one of the major investment which many industrialized and developed countries account on, in their case, very few people own lan ds thus they cannot have any savings from land. (Pollin 2002). This means that there are low savings, savings are major sources of loans and sources of starting capital, thus in the case of Sub-Saharan countries, it is very hard to put capital into accumulation, due to lack of starting capital.Unlike the East Asian countries which have low income, the Sub-Saharan countries lack long term investments which can continuously produce new sources of savings and actual savings. Despite the East Asians low income, they have long term productive investments which help in sourcing savings, thus promoting both(prenominal) domestic and national savings which eradicates poverty, leaving a minimal need of foreign aids. The Sub-Saharan produce has been varying, thus causing ingathering instability.Only few of the Sub-Saharan countries had a standard growth rate, lower than the aggregate growth rate of the total countries. This instability has resulted from poor trade within and across the cont inent, due to lack of trade goods. The Sub-Saharan weather has a design in determining the agricultural output, since many of the countries rely on farming as a major source of income, and the variable weather in the countries has affecting agriculture greatly which has led to growth instability and the chronic poverty.Institutions lack finances they cannot legalise or mobilize domestic savings. As at 2003, the Banking sector credit was seventy three percent when expressed as a ration of GPD, compared to forty three percent in the low income countries. The table below gives the statistics which clearly shows that the productive private investment are rarely financed in Sub-Saharan countries and these investments need to be financed well to command that they have a positive impact on both domestic and national savings.Many trials have been made to stop the poverty in the Sub-Saharan Africa, whereby the strategies have perpetually based eradication of poverty on the need for great er ambitions of the affected people, development of growth oriented strategies and a greater accumulation of long term capital. With this then growth can be increased, domestic savings as well as national savings. The trials have being hindered by an ideological mind-set monetary policy and restrictive fiscal as these go contrary to the rapid economic growth that is necessary in Africa.This has been as a result of lack of any usable theory on how to promote a process which can sustain itself in relation to capital accumulation. This is because with a source of rapid capital that can be accumulated rapidly, then the Sub-Saharan countries to be able to involve in domestic and national savings as well as funding the private sectors as a result of savings amplification and financial liberalization which can decrease the poverty undergo in these countries.The poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa can be minimized by implementing strategies and policies to ensure that the growth rate in stabi lized, ensuring that domestic resources are mobilized in a way that they can accelerate to thus accumulating capital, and balancing the ratio between capital and total output. To achieve this the everyday investment need to be put into working to ensure that public revenue are increased and to offer loans which maximizes the productive contentedness of the economic, with a development which is long term.Tax policy should also ensure that the public revenue is in a rate that can enhance self-sustaining process proper revenue laws. The countries in Sub-Saharan countries are very low compared to industrialized countries, showing the reason for continuous low income and poor growth. The financial policy is necessary in mobilization of domestic savings. The policy ensures that the savings and external private financing are changed into long term investments which can easily and flexibly produce enhancing a continuous domestic and national savings. Monetary policies help in determining and regulating the inflation rank.The low rates are good for economic growth while high rates interfere with the interest of the poor thus limiting economic growth. However to eradicate poverty from the Sub-Saharan Africa, an average rate is more catch because very low rate slows the economic development while limiting employment, and very high rates can also have a negative impact on the poor countries economy. The poverty traps in the Sub-Saharan countries can be over jumped if all the above can be done, because a good deal investment will definitely increase the Sub-Saharan productivity. (Bauer. 2000).This is because, the productivity will raise the output and this decreases the cost of each unit produced thus this can easily start up a chain which can positively reinforce the investment while reducing the costs. This clearly shows that to overcome poverty in Sub-Saharan countries each individual has to work hard, either individually as groups to ensure that the poverty is era diated, since poverty never entraps anybody, but with no efforts to work against it, the Sub-Saharan countries can headstrongly live in it. Hard work is necessary not only to overcome poverty but also to maintain wealth since being lazy encourages poverty trapping.Dysfunctional institutions are developed as a result of the forces from politics and or the kind inter execution of sundry(a) people in participation or communities. These can entrap the people in the pockets of poverty. In Sub-Saharan countries, the poverty is influenced a lot by these institutions which make discrimination in power and wealth. This is because these institution directly shapes the countries economy and since most of these institution in Sub-Saharan Africa have facilitated in the insecurity of the property rights. These institutions include public schools and public goods.The poor property rights in Sub-Saharan countries have led to the low income and subsequent low income, thus durablely poor citize ns. These institutions are involved with uneven divisions of products of social activities. Individuals on these countries are expected to adhere to the institutions status, and in most of the population of these individuals they refuse to rely on the status. The institutions enhance self enforcing conventions but it becomes very difficult for the poor people to have a control and to monitor the necessary collective action to shift the population in these countries from the state of inequality to equality.This is the reason why you will see that despite the fact that some countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa are rich in wealth, the amount of savings in the country will not be use to help the poor countries from their worst state, but rather the income will continue to yield more and more for the rich countries. The poor ends up becoming poorer while get richer. On the other hand, some of the institutions in the poor Sub-Saharan Africa have corrupt institutions which are either socia l or political institution. (De Soto2002.)To consort out the inequality issues, both collective actions are necessary to enhance motivation of every individual in the country against the traps of poverty. This collective action can be motivated using good public institutions, and thus if the Sub-Saharan countries can effectively make use of these institutions, in a collective action of each citizen in the poor countries, then the inequality levels can be minimized and shifted to equality whereby all members can easily over jump the traps of poverty.In Sub-Saharan countries, the better off countries like sulfur Africa and Nigeria among others can help a lot in eradicating the chronic poverty in the region if they can engage in cross countries equality promotion because their income is higher than the other countries thus equality can be achieved by collectively acting against inequality and poverty in general. In Sub-Saharan countries there is high inequality, where by instead of s aving, the income wealth is wastefully consumed. Some countries also in the Sub-Saharan Africa are major net creditors, besides being heavily indebted. Boyce and Ndikumana 2000).The government of the country acts as a net debtor with the country being net creditor, meaning that some of these country end up investment their wealth outside the continent, thus not taking any social occasion in eradicating of poverty in their own continent, but leading other countries in the continent to more and worse poverty status. An instance to clarify this is dated back between the year 1970 and 1996, when a cumulative capital flight of around twenty five of Sub-Saharan countries was US$28. billion which was 1. 6 the continents total stock of external debts The social customs have played a role in the persistent of the poverty in Sub-Saharan countries. This is because the social customs are set by the society for every individual in the society to follow, without questioning. This means that de spite the fact that a certain custom in the country can have an impact in the poverty persistence all individual ought to without failure. This has encouraged poverty persistence full-grown no room to eradicate poverty.If anybody tends to deviate from the custom to enhance genesis of income, he or she world power never get the freedom to be in the society or to relate with other people in the society, and in many cases, the people who go against the social customs are regarded as outcasts in the society. This is usually associated with many disadvantages in the society, thus many people will prefer moving as per the custom for their safety. These traditional institutions have effects in the market place of many Sub-Saharan countries, and this has facilitated the persistent poverty in the region.The Neighborhood effects limit the poverty eradication in Sub-Saharan Africa. These effects include the aspirations role models or the network within various families and communities in th e country. (Lal 2002). This is because the Sub-Saharan countries cost various individuals who differ in terms of social economic environment, thus various beliefs and preferences. Various social economic groups have different influence and this leads to various outcomes. Persistent inequality continuous to exist as a result of role model influence peer effect and other group related factors. Bauer 2000). When various groups of children grow up in any society, they usually grow up getting aspiration from their role models either in education or development. However in cases where there are no role models who exist in the neighborhood then the developing generation develops up with poor aspiration and for example there is a lack of role model in business and economics, then the developing generation end to have poor market, and labor aspirations, and this definitely causes poor income sources as well as poor labor production thus poverty.The poor aspirations are then transmitted to su bsequent generation, causing persistent poverty in the region. The cycle gets repeat on and on because these children grow to form new neighborhood with each generation and this explains why the poverty becomes persistent. Groups influences determines individual outcome, various policies need to be established to ensure that charters are developed as well as magnet schools.These policies should be incorporated into public policies in order to enhance opportunity equality concentrated poverty undermines the communitys processes, thus explaining the reasons why poverty continuously get reproduced in a society. Poverty traps thus are the results of various factors such(prenominal) as economy production scales, political and economic institutions whose work is poor, the incomplete financial markets and the social customs.imputable to the factors complexity and diversity, its thus hard to policy which can work against the chronic poverty. To help this various policies are to be involved, though designing them becomes a challenge. Various conventional methods have been used to invoice the poverty traps. These models include growth model, where we have the Solow model and AK model. The growth accounting in these models is not accurate, and the matter income accounts data over estimates the Africas actual savings.Despite the fact that low technology and low savings have led to low levels of development, the conventional models used to determine this are neither accurate, nor consistent. It therefore means that despite the fact that various individuals may put a lot of effort to ensure that they are out of the poverty traps, a lot holds them back, thus they cannot individually jump over these traps, unless they collectively compound and act. This becomes a challenge since other factors within the countries and communities blocks the individuals.

Friday, May 17, 2019

Philippine Republic Act Essay

For the character of the whitethorn 11, 1998 picks, there sh both(prenominal) be particular elements compose of a 4th portion in wholly(prenominal) precinct and a COMELEC representative who is current to operate the find out appliance. Both sh every(prenominal) bearing the counting and recording of suffrages of the guinea pig takes in the denominated counting sharpens 8. choice returns a machine-generated inventory showing the date of the alternative, the province, municipality and the precinct in which it is held and the votes in figures for apiece give the axedidate in a precinct directly produced by the counting machine 9.Statement of votes a machine-generated document containing the votes obtained by candidates in for each(prenominal) wizard precinct in a metropolis/municipality 10. City/municipal/ territory/ tyke security measures of sheet of paper of votes a machine-generated document containing the total votes in figures obtained by each candidat e in a city/municipality/district/ province as the case whitethorn be and 11. Counting center a public place designated by the complaint where counting of votes and canvassing/consolidation of results shall be expressed. Sec. 3. Qualifications, rights and limitations of the special members of the Board of Election Inspectors.No person shall be appointed as a special member of the bill of election inspectors unless he/she is of good moral character and irreproach open reputation, a registered voter, has never been convicted of every election offense or of some(prenominal) crime punishable by more than vi (6) months chains or if he/she has pending once against him/her an information for any election offense or if he/she is related within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity or affinity to any member of the nonice of election inspectors or any special member of the same venire of Election Inspector or to any candidate for a national position or to a nominee as a ships c ompany list representative or his/her spo consumption. The special members of the get on shall enjoy the same rights and be kick back by the same limitations and liabilities of a regular member of the mount up of election inspectors merely shall not vote during the proceedings of the add-in of election inspectors except on matters pertaining to the national voteing. Sec. 4.Duties and functions of the special members of the Board of Election Inspectors. 1. During the conduct of the votinging in the polling place, the fourth member shall a) accomplish the minutes of voting for the machine- interpretled election clay in the precinct and (b) tick that the national ballots are placed inner(a) the assume ballot box 2. On the close of the polls, the fourth member shall bring the ballot box containing the national ballots to the designated counting center 3. in the first place the counting of votes, the fourth member shall verify if the reckon of national ballots tallies wi th the information in the minutes of the voting 4. During the counting of votes, the fourth member and the COMELEC definitive representative shall collectively accomplish the minutes of counting for the automated election strategy in the precinct 5.After the counting of votes, the fourth member and the certain representative shall joinly (a) certify the results of the counting of national ballots from the precinct and (b) bring the ballot box containing the counted national ballots together with the minutes of voting and counting, and separate election documents and paraphernalia to the city or municipal treasurer for safekeeping. Sec. 5. Board of ragers. For inclinations of the May 11, 1998 elections, each province, city or municipality shall open two (2) get along of canvassers, one for the manual election strategy on a lower floor the existing equity, and the opposite, for the automated system. For the automated election system, the chairman of the board shall be appointed by the instruction from among its power/deputies and the members from the ex officios enumerated.Authority to habituate an automated election system. To carry out the above-stated policy, the consignment on Elections, herein referred to as the fit, is hereby authorized to use an automated election system, herein referred to as the System, for the process of voting, counting of votes and canvassing/consolidation of results of the national and topical anaesthetic anesthetic elections Provided, however, That for the May 11, 1998 elections, the System shall be relevant in all areas within the country sole(prenominal) for the positions of chairperson, vice-president, senators and parties, organizations or coalitions participating under the party-list system. To achieve the purpose of this Act, the foreign mission is authorized to procure by purchase, lease or otherwisewise any supplies, equipment, materials and services needed for the holding of the elections by an expedited process of public bidding of vendors, suppliers or lessors Provided, That the accredited political parties are punctually notified of and allowed to observe but not to participate in the bidding.If, inspite of its diligent efforts to follow up this mandate in the exercise of this authority, it becomes evident by February 9, 1998 that the consignment cannot richy implement the automated election system for national positions in the May 11, 1998 elections, the elections for both national and local positions shall be done manually except in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) where the automated election system shall be used for all positions. Sec. 7. Features of the system. The System shall utilize appropriate technology for voting, and electronic devices for counting of votes and canvassing of results. For this purpose, the committal shall acquire automated counting machines, computing device equipment, devices and materials and charter new forms and create materials.The System shall contain the adjacent features (a) use of appropriate ballots, (b) stand-alone machine which can count votes and an automated system which can consolidate the results instanter, (c) with preps for audit trails, (d) minimum human intervention, and (e) seemly safeguard/security measures. In addition, the System shall as far as practicable swallow the following features 1. It moldiness be user-friendly and need not require computer-literate operators 2. The machine security must be reinforced-in and multi-layer existent on hardware and software with minimum human intervention using modish technology like encrypted coding system 3.The security key control must be infix inside the machine soaked against human intervention 4. The Optical Mark Reader (OMR) must conduct a built-in newspaperman for numbering the counted ballots and also for printing the undivided precinct number on the counted ballots 5. The ballot paper for the OMR counting machin e must be of the quality that passed the international standard like ISO-1831, JIS-X- 9004 or its equivalent for optical character recognition 6. The ballot feeder must be automatic 7. The machine must be able to count from 100 to 150 ballots per minute 8. The counting machine must be able to detect prepare or counterfeit ballots and must have a fake ballot rejector 9.The counting machine must be able to detect and reject previously counted ballots to foil duplication 10. The counting machine must have the capability to recognize the ballots individual precinct and city or municipality before counting or consolidating the votes 11. The System must have a printer that has the capacity to print in one stroke or operation seven (7) copies (original plus six (6) copies) of the consolidated deals on carbonless paper 12. The printer must have at to the lowest degree 128 kilobytes of Random gate Memory (RAM) to facilitate the expeditious processing of the printing of the consolidated reports 13. The machine must have a built-in floppy dish antenna drive in order to save the processed data on a diskette 14.The machine must also have a built-in hard disk to break in the counted and consolidated data for future printout and verification 15. The machine must be temperature-resistant and rust-proof 16. The optical lens system of the OMR must have a self-cleaning device 17. The machine must not be capable of organism connected to external computer peripherals for the process of vote consolidation 18. The machine must have an incessant Power Supply (UPS) 19. The machine must be accompanied with operating manuals that will guide the personnel of the delegation the proper use and maintenance of the machine 20. It must be so designed and built that add-ons may immediately be incorporated into the System at minimum outgo 21.It must tolerate the shortest fourth dimension needed to complete the counting of votes and canvassing of the results of the election 22. The ma chine must be able to generate consolidated reports like the election return, statement of votes and certificate of canvass at different levels and 23. The truth of the count must be guaranteed, the margin of error must be disclosed and backed by warranty under such(prenominal)(prenominal) terms and conditions as may be determined by the Commission. In the procurement of this system, the Commission shall lift out an equitable system of deductions or demerits for deviations or deficiencies in meeting all the above stated features and standards.For this purpose, the Commission shall create an Advisory Council to be still of technical experts from the Department of recognition and Technology (DOST), the Information Technology Foundation of the Philippines (ITFP), the University of the Philippines (UP), and two (2) representatives from the private sector recommended by the Philippine figurer Society (PCS). The Council may avail itself of the expertise and services of resource person s of known competence and probity. The Commission in collaboration with the DOST shall establish an independent Technical Ad Hoc Evaluation Committee, herein known as the Committee, composed of a representative each from the Senate, House of Representatives.The Committee shall certify that the System is operating properly and accurately and that the machines have a demonstrable capacity to distinguish between genuine and spurious ballots. The Committee shall hold that the testing procedure shall be unbiased and effective in checking the worthiness of the System. Toward this end, the Committee shall design and implement a reliability test procedure or a system stress test. Sec. 8. Procurement of equipment and materials. The Commission shall procure the automated counting machines, computer equipment, devices and materials needed for ballot printing and devices for voting, counting and canvassing from local or foreign sources free from taxes and import duties, receptive to accounti ng and auditing rules and regulations. Sec. 9. Systems breakdown in the counting center. In the event of a systems breakdown of all assigned machines in the counting center, the Commission shall use any available machine or any component thus from another city/municipality upon the approval of the Commission En Banc or any of its divisions.The transfer of such machines or any component thereof shall be undertaken in the aim of representatives of political parties and citizens fortify of the Commission who shall be notified by the election police ships ships officer of such transfer. There is a systems breakdown in the counting center when the machine fails to read the ballots or fails to store/save results or fails to print the results after it has read the ballots or when the computer fails to consolidate election results/reports or fails to print election results/reports after consolidation. Sec. 10. Examination and testing of counting machines. The Commission shall, on the date and time it shall set and with proper notices, allow the political parties and candidates or their representatives, citizens arm or their representatives to examine and test the machines to look out that the system is operating properly and accurately. Test ballots and test forms shall be provided by the Commission. After the examination and testing, the machines shall be locked and sealed by the election officer or any authorized representative of the Commission in the presence of the political parties and candidates or their representatives, and accredited citizens arms. The machines shall be kept locked and sealed and shall be opened again on election day before the counting of votes begins.Immediately after the examination and testing of the machines, the parties and candidates or their representatives, citizens arms or their representatives, may submit a written report to the election officer who shall immediately transmit it to the Commission for appropriate action. Sec. 11. Official ballot. The Commission shall prescribe the size and form of the official ballot which shall contain the titles of the positions to be filled and/or the propositions to be voted upon in an initiative, referendum or plebiscite. Under each position, the label of candidates shall be arranged alphabetically by surname and uniformly printed using the same type size. A fixed blank space where the chairman of the Board of Election inspectors shall affix his/her signature to au soticate the official ballot shall be provided. Both sides of the ballots may be used when infallible.For this purpose, the deadline for the register of certificate of bell ringing/petition for enrollment/manifestation to participate in the election shall not be later than one hundred cardinal (120) days before the elections Provided, That, any elected official, whether national or local, running for any office other than the one which he/she is holding in a permanent capacity, except for presid ent and vice-president, shall be deemed resigned only upon the start of the campaign period corresponding to the position for which he/she is running Provided, further, That, unlawful acts or omissions applicable to a candidate shall take effect upon the start of the aforesaid campaign period Provided, finally, That, for purposes of the May 11, 1998 elections, the deadline for filing of the certificate of candidacy for the positions of President, Vice President, Senators and candidates under the Party-List System as well as petitions for registration and/or manifestation to participate in the Party-List System shall be on February 9, 1998 while the deadline for the filing of certificate of candidacy for other positions shall be on March 27, 1998. The official ballots shall be printed by the National Printing piece and/or the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas at the price comparable with that of private printers under proper security measures which the Commission shall adopt. The Commissi on may contract the services of private printers upon certification by the National Printing authorisation/ Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas that it cannot meet the printing requirements. Accredited political parties and deputized citizens arms of the Commission may assign watchers in the printing, terminal and distribution of official ballots.To prevent the use of fake ballots, the Commission through the Committee shall ensure that the serial number on the ballot stub shall be printed in magnetic ink that shall be easily detectable by inexpensive hardware and shall be impossible to reproduce on a photo likenessing machine, and that identification marks, magnetic strips, bar codes and other technical and security markings, are provided on the ballot. The official ballots shall be printed and distributed to each city/municipality at the rate of one (1) ballot for every registered voter with a provision of additional four (4) ballots per precinct. Sec. 12. Substitution of candidates. In case of valid substitutions after the official ballots have been printed, the votes switch for the substituted candidates shall be considered votes for the substitutes. Sec. 13. Ballot box. There shall be in each precinct on election day a ballot box with such safety features that the Commission may prescribe and of such size as to accommodate the official ballots without folding them. For the purpose of the May 11, 1998 elections, there shall be two (2) ballot boxes for each precinct, one (1) for the national ballots and one (I) for the local ballots. Sec. 14. Procedure in voting. The voter shall be given a ballot by the chairman of the Board of Election Inspectors. The voter shall then proceed to a voting booth to accomplish his/her ballot. If a voter spoils his/her ballot, he/she may be issued another ballot subject to Sec. 11 of this Act.No voter may be allowed to change his/her ballot more than once. After the voter has voted, he/she shall affix his/her thumbmark on the corr esponding space in the voting record. The chairman shall apply unerasable ink on the voters right forefinger and affix his/her signature in the space provided for such purpose in the ballot. The voter shall then personally drop his/her ballot on the ballot box. For the purpose of the May 11, 1998 elections, each voter shall be given one (1) national and one (1) local ballot by the Chairperson. The voter shall, after casting his/her vote, personally drop the ballots in their respective ballot boxes. Sec. 15. Closing of polls. After the close of voting, the board shall enter in the minutes the number of registered voters who actually voted, the number and serial number of unused and spoiled ballots, the serial number of the self-locking metal seal to be used in sealing the ballot box. The board shall then place the minutes inside the ballot box and thereafter close, lock and seal the same with padlocks, self-locking metal seals or any other safety devices that the Commission may autho rize. The chairman of the Board of Election Inspectors shall publicly announce that the votes shall be counted at a designated counting center where the board shall transport the ballot box containing the ballots and other election documents and paraphernalia.For the purpose of the May 11, 1998 elections, the chairman of the Board of Election Inspectors shall publicly announce that the votes for president, vice-president, senators and parties, organizations or coalitions participating in the party-list system shall be counted at a designated counting center. During the transport of the ballot box containing the national ballots and other documents, the fourth member of the board shall be escorted by representatives from the Armed Forces of the Philippines or from the Philippine National Police, citizens arm, and if available, representatives of political parties and candidates. Sec. 16. grant of Counting Centers. The Commission shall designate counting center(s) which shall be a pu blic place within the city/municipality or in such other places as may be designated by the Commission when calm and order conditions so require, where the official ballots cast in various precincts of the city/municipality shall be counted. The election officer shall post prominently in his/her office, in the bulletin boards at the city/municipal hall and in trine (3) other conspicuous places in the city/municipality, the notice on the designated counting center(s) for at least fifteen (15) days prior to election day. For the purpose of the May 11, 1998 elections, the Commission shall designate a profound counting center(s) which shall be a public place within the city or municipality, as in the case of the National Capital Region and in highly urbanized areas.The Commission may designate other counting center(s) where the national ballots cast from various precincts of different municipalities shall be counted using the automated system. The Commission shall post prominently a notice thereof, for at least fifteen (15) days prior to election day, in the office of the election officer, on the bulletin boards at the municipal hall and in three (3) other conspicuous places in the municipality. Sec. 17. Counting procedure. (a) The counting of votes shall be public and conducted in the designated counting center(s). (b) The ballots shall be counted by the machine by precinct in the order of their arrival at the counting center.The election officer or his/her representative shall log the sequence of arrival of the ballot boxes and indicate their condition. Thereafter, the board shall, in the presence of the watchers and representatives of accredited citizens arm, political parties/candidates, open the ballot box, retrieve the ballots and minutes of voting. It shall verify whether the number of ballots tallies with the data in the minutes. If there are excess ballots, the poll salesclerk, without looking at the ballots, shall publicly draw out at random ballots equal to the excess and without looking at the contents thereof, place them in an envelope which shall be marked excess ballots.The envelope shall be sealed and signed by the members of the board and placed in the compartment for spoiled ballots. (c) The election officer or any authorized official or any member of the board shall feed the valid ballots into the machine without interruption until all the ballots for the precincts are counted. (d) The board shall remain at the counting center until all the official ballots for the precinct are counted and all reports are properly accomplished. For the purpose of the May 11, 1998 elections, the ballots shall be counted by precinct by the special members of the board in the manner provided in split (b) hereof. Sec. 18. Election returns. After the ballots of the precincts have been counted, the election officer or any official authorized by the Commission shall, in the presence of watchers and representatives of the accredited citizens arm, political parties/ candidates, if any, store the results in a data remembering device and print copies of the election returns of each precinct. The printed election returns shall be signed and thumbmarked by the fourth member and COMELEC authorized representative and attested to by the election officer or authorized representative. The Chairman of the Board shall then publicly read and announce the total number of votes obtained by each candidate based on the election returns.Thereafter, the copies of the election returns shall be sealed and placed in the proper envelopes for distribution as follows A. In the election of president, vice-president, senators and party-list system (1) The first copy shall be delivered to the city or municipal board of canvassers (2) The back copy, to the Congress, directed to the President of the Senate (3) The third copy, to the Commission (4) The fourth copy, to the citizens arm authorized by the Commission to conduct an unofficial count. In the conduct of the unofficial quick count by any accredited citizens arm, the Commission shall promulgate rules and regulations to ensure, among others, that said citizens arm releases in the rder of their arrival one hundred percent (100%) results of a precinct indicating the precinct, municipality or city, province and region Provided, however, that, the count shall continue until all precincts shall have been reported. (5) The fifth copy, to the dominant majority party as determined by the Commission in amity with law (6) The sixth copy, to the dominant minority party as determined by the Commission in accordance with law and (7) The seventh copy shall be deposited inside the compartment of the ballot box for valid ballots. The citizens arm shall provide copies of the election returns at the expense of the requesting party. For the purpose of the May 11, 1998 elections, after the national ballots have been counted, the COMELEC authorized representative shall implement the prov isions of paragraph A hereof. B.In the election of local officials and members of the House of Representatives (1) The first copy shall be delivered to the city or municipal board of canvassers (2) The second copy, to the Commission (3) The third copy, to the tike board of canvassers (4) The fourth copy, to the citizens arm authorized by the Commission to conduct an unofficial count. In the conduct of the unofficial quick count by any accredited citizens arm, the Commission shall promulgate rules and regulations to ensure, among others, that said citizens arm releases in the order of their arrival one hundred percent (100%) results of a precinct indicating the precinct, municipality or city, province and region Provided, however, That, the count shall continue until all precincts shall have been reported. 5) The fifth copy, to the dominant majority party as determined by the Commission in accordance with law (6) The sixth copy, to the dominant minority party as determined by the Co mmission in accordance with law and (7) The seventh copy shall be deposited inside the compartment of the ballot box for valid ballots. The citizens arm shall provide copies of election returns at the expense of the requesting party. After the votes from all precincts have been counted, a consolidated report of votes for each candidate shall be printed. After the printing of the election returns, the ballots shall be returned to the ballot box, which shall be locked, sealed and delivered to the city/municipal treasurer for safekeeping. The treasurer shall immediately provide the Commission and the election officer with a record of the serial numbers of the ballot boxes and the corresponding metal seals. Sec. 19.Custody and accountability of ballots. The election officer and the treasurer of the city/municipality as deputy of the Commission shall have joint custody and accountability of the official ballots, accountable forms and other election documents as well as ballot boxes cont aining the official ballots cast. The ballot boxes shall not be opened for three (3) months unless the Commission orders otherwise. Sec. 20. Substitution of Chairman and Members of the Board of Canvassers. In case of non-availability, absence, disqualification delinquent to relationship, or incapacity for any cause of the chairman, the Commission shall appoint as substitute, a ranking lawyer of the Commission.With respect to the other members of the board, the Commission shall appoint as substitute the following in the order named the idyl auditor, the register of deeds, the clerk of court nominated by the executive judge of the regional trial court, or any other available appointive provincial official in the case of the provincial board of canvassers the officials in the city corresponding to those enumerated in the case of the city board of canvassers and the municipal administrator, the municipal assessor, the clerk of court nominated by the judge of the municipal trial court , in the case of the municipal board of canvassers. Sec. 21. Canvassing by Provincial, City, District and Municipal Boards of Canvassers. The city or municipal board of canvassers shall canvass the votes for the president, vice-president, senators, and parties, organizations or coalitions participating under the party-list system by consolidating the results contained in the data storage devices used in the printing of the election returns.Upon goal of the canvass, it shall print the certificate of canvass of votes for president, vice-president, senators and members of the House of Representatives and elective provincial officials and thereafter, outcry the elected city or municipal officials, as the case may be. The city board of canvassers of cities comprising one (1) or more legislative districts shall canvass the votes for president, vice-president, senators, members of the House of Representatives and elective city officials by consolidating the results contained in the data storage devices used in the printing of the election returns. Upon completion of the canvass, the board shall print the canvass of votes for president, vice-president, and senators and thereafter, proclaim the elected members of the House of Representatives and city officials.In the Metro Manila area, each municipality comprising a legislative district shall have a district board of canvassers which shall canvass the votes for president, vice-president, senators, members of the House of Representatives and elective municipal officials by consolidating the results contained in the data storage devices used in the printing of the election returns. Upon completion of the canvass, it shall print the certificate of canvass of votes for president, vice-president, and senators and thereafter, proclaim the elected members of the House of Representatives and municipal officials. Each component municipality in a legislative district in the Metro Manila area shall have a municipal board of ca nvassers which shall canvass the votes for president, vice-president, senators, members of the House of Representatives and elective municipal officials by consolidating the results contained in the data storage devices used in the printing of the election returns.Upon completion of the canvass, it shall prepare the certificate of canvass of votes for president, vice-president, senators, members of the House of Representatives and thereafter, proclaim the elected municipal officials. The district board of canvassers of each legislative district comprising two (2) municipalities in the Metro Manila area shall canvass the votes for president, vice-president, senators and members of the House of Representatives by consolidating the results contained in the data storage devices submitted by the municipal board of canvassers of the component municipalities. Upon completion of the canvass, it shall print a certificate of canvass of votes for president, vice-president and senators and ther eafter, proclaim the elected members of the House of Representatives in the legislative district.The district/provincial board of canvassers shall canvass the votes for president, vice-president, senators, members of the House of Representatives and elective provincial officials by consolidating the results contained in the data storage devices submitted by the board of canvassers of the municipalities and component cities. Upon completion of the canvass, it shall print the certificate of canvass of votes for president, vice-president and senators and thereafter, proclaim the elected members of the House of Representatives and the provincial officials. The municipal, city, district and provincial certificates of canvass of votes shall each be supported by a statement of votes. The Commission shall adopt adequate and effective measures to preserve the integrity of the data storage devices at the various levels of the boards of canvassers. Sec. 22. Number of copies of Certificates of Canvass of Votes and their distribution. (a) The certificate of canvass of votes for president, vice-president, senators, members of the House of Representatives, parties, organizations or coalitions participating under the party-list system and elective provincial officials shall be printed by the city or municipal board of canvassers and distributed as follows (1)The first copy shall be delivered to the provincial board of canvassers for use in the canvass of election results for president, vice-president, senators, members of the House of Representatives, parties, organizations or coalitions participating under the party-list system and elective provincial officials (2) The second copy shall be sent to the Commission (3) The third copy shall be kept by the chairman of the board and (4) The fourth copy shall be given to the citizens arm designated by the Commission to conduct an unofficial count. It shall be the duty of the citizens arm to supply independent candidates copies of the certificate of canvass at the expense of the requesting party. The board of canvassers shall furnish all registered parties copies of the certificate of canvass at the expense of the requesting party. b) The certificate of canvass of votes for president, vice-president and senators, parties, organizations or coalitions participating under the party-list system shall be printed by the city boards of canvassers of cities comprising one or more legislative districts, by provincial boards of canvassers and by district boards of canvassers in the Metro Manila area, and other highly urbanized areas and distributed as follows (1)The first copy shall be sent to Congress, directed to the President of the Senate for use in the canvas of election results for president and vice-president (2) The second copy shall be sent to the Commission for use in the canvass of the election results for senators (3) The third copy shall be kept by the chairman of the board and (4) The fourth copy shall be given to the citizens arm designated by the Commission to conduct an unofficial count. It shall be the duty of the citizens arm to furnish independent candidates copies of the certificate of canvass at the expense of the requesting party. The board of canvassers shall furnish all registered parties copies of the certificate of canvass at the expense of the requesting party. c) The certificates of canvass printed by the provincial, district, city or municipal boards of canvassers shall be signed and thumbmarked by the chairman and members of the board and the principal watchers, if available. Thereafter, it shall be sealed and placed inside an envelope which shall likewise be properly sealed. In all instances, where the Board of Canvassers has the duty to furnish registered political parties with copies of the certificate of canvass, the pertinent election returns shall be attached thereto, where appropriate. Sec. 23. National Board of Canvassers for Senators. The chairman and memb ers of the Commission on Elections sitting en banc, shall compose the national board of canvassers for senators.It shall canvass the results for senators by consolidating the results contained in the data storage devices submitted by the district, provincial and city boards of canvassers of those cities which comprise one or more legislative districts. Thereafter, the national board shall proclaim the winning candidates for senators. Sec. 24. Congress as the National Board of Canvassers for President and Vice-President. The Senate and the House of Representatives in joint public session shall compose the national board of canvassers for president and vice-president. The returns of every election for president and vice-president duly certified by the board of canvassers of each province or city, shall be transmitted to the Congress, directed to the president of the Senate.Upon receipt of the certificates of canvass, the president of the Senate shall, not later than thirty (30) days after the day of the election, open all the certificates in the presence of the Senate and the House of Representatives in joint public session and the Congress upon determination of the genuineness and the due execution thereof in the manner provided by law, canvass all the results for president and vice-president by consolidating the results contained in the data storage devices submitted by the district, provincial and city boards of canvassers and thereafter, proclaim the winning candidates for president and vice-president. Sec. 25. Voters education. The Commission together with and in support of accredited citizens arms shall carry out a continuing and domineering campaign through newspapers of general circulation, radio and ther media forms, as well as through seminars, symposia, fora and other non-traditional room to educate the public and fully inform the electorate about the automated election system and inculcate value on honest, peaceful and orderly elections. Sec. 26 . Supervision and control. The System shall be under the exclusive supervision and control of the Commission. For this purpose, there is hereby created an information technology department in the Commission to carry out the full administration and implementation of the System. The Commission shall take immediate steps as may be incumbent for the acquisition, installation, administration, storage, and maintenance of equipment and devices, and to promulgate the necessary rules and regulations for the effective implementation of this Act. Sec. 27. Oversight Committee. An Oversight Committee is hereby created composed of three (3) representatives each from the Senate and the House of Representatives and three (3) from the Commission on Elections to monitor and evaluate the implementation of this Act. A report to the Senate and the House of Representatives shall be submitted within ninety (90) days from the date of election. The oversight committee may hire competent consultants for pro ject monitoring and information technology concerns related to the implementation and improvement of the new-fashioned election system. The oversight committee shall be provided with the necessary funds to carry out its duties. Sec. 28.Designation of other dates for certain pre-election acts. If it shall no longer be reasonably possible to observe the periods and dates prescribed by law for certain pre-election acts, the Commission shall fix other periods and dates in order to ensure accomplishment of the activities so voters shall not be deprived of their suffrage. Sec. 29. Election offenses. In addition to those enumerated in Sec. s 261 and 262 of Batas Pambansa Blg. 881, As Amended, the following acts shall be penalized as election offenses, whether or not said acts affect the electoral process or results (a) Utilizing without authorization, meddling with, destroying or stealing 1) Official ballots, election returns, and certificates of canvass of votes used in the System and (2)Electronic devices or their components, peripherals or supplies used in the System such as counting machine, depot pack/diskette, memory pack receiver and computer set (b) Interfering with, impeding, absconding for purpose of gain, preventing the installation or use of computer counting devices and the processing, storage, generation and transmission of election results, data or information and (c) Gaining or causing price of admission to using, altering, destroying or disclosing any computer data, program, system software, network, or any computer-related devices, facilities, hardware or equipment, whether classified or declassified. Sec. 30. Applicability. The provisions of Batas Pambansa Blg. 81, As Amended, otherwise known as the Omnibus Election Code of the Philippines, and other election laws not inconsistent with this Act shall apply. Sec. 31. Rules and Regulations. The Commission shall promulgate rules and regulations for the implementation and enforcement of this Act including such measures that will channelize possible difficulties and confusions brought about by the two-ballot system. The Commission may consult its accredited citizens arm for this purpose. Sec. 32. Appropriations. The measuring rod necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act shall be charged against the current years appropriations of the Commission. Thereafter, such sums as may be necessary for the continuous implementation of this Act shall be included in the annual General Appropriations Act.In case of deficiency in the funding requirements herein provided, such amount as may be necessary shall be augmented from the current contingent fund in the General Appropriations Act. Sec. 33. Separability clause. If, for any reason, any Sec. or provision of this Act or any part thereof, or the application of such Sec. , provision or portion is declared invalid or unconstitutional, the remainder thereof shall not be affected by such declaration.