Water Quality Parameter Prediction In Stream Flow Environmental Sciences Essay

In This paper, the truth public presentation of preparation, proof and anticipation of monthly H2O quality parametric quantities is discussed when using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System ( ANFIS ) . This theoretical account analyze historical informations were generated through uninterrupted monitoring Stationss of H2O quality parametric quantities ( dependent variables ) of Johor River in order to copy their secondary property ( independent variables ) . However, the informations originating from supervising Stationss and experiment may be polluted by noise signals owing to systematic mistakes and random mistakes. This noisy informations frequently makes the predict undertaking comparatively hard. In order to counterbalance for this augmented noise the primary aim of this manuscript is to develop technique that can heighten the truth of H2O quality anticipation ( WQP ) . Therefore, this survey suggests an augmented Wavelet – Neuro-Fuzzy ( WDT-ANFIS ) based informations me rger faculty for WQP. The efficiency of the faculties was examined to foretell critical parametric quantities that affected due to the urbanisation around the rivers. The parametric quantities have been studied ; electrical CONDuctivity ( COND ) , entire dissolved solids ( T.D.S ) and TURBidity ( TURB ) . Results showed that the optimal degree of truth was achieved by doing the length of the cross-validation equal to one fifth of the information record. Furthermore, WDT-ANFIS faculty outperformed the ANFIS faculty with important betterment in anticipation truth. This consequence indicates that the proposed attack is fundamentally an attractive option, offering a comparatively fast algorithm with good theoretical belongingss to de-noise and predict the H2O quality parametric quantities. This new technique will be valuable to help determination shapers in describing the position of H2O quality, probe of spacial and temporal alterations.IntroductionWater quality mold is the footing of H2O pollution control undertaking. It predicts the inclination of H2O quality assortment harmonizing to the current H2O environment quality status, transportation and transmutation regulation of the pollutants in the river basin. In H2O quality mold, [ 1 ] reported that the turbidness was related closely to both its respiration rate and the H2O temperature. Model users will see sunlight strength fluctuation within the H2O column when imitating the eutrophication phenomenon [ 2 ] .These illustrations reflect that human intelligence uses bing cognition to cut down the figure of picks in order to raise the effectivity of theoretical account use. Each clip, they tend to change simply one or two parametric quantities. This is because if they modify many parametric quantities at the same clip, they may easy acquire lost in the use way. However, due to the size and heterogeneousness of the set possible input variables, and because of the nonlinear nature of the job, conventional methods are non assuring. To this terminal, unreal intelligence techniques ( AI ) techniques are capable to mime this behaviour every bit good as to complement the lack. Recently, AI has been accepted as an efficient alternate tool for mold of complex non-linear systems. The theoretical accounts normally do n't see the internal mechanism but build theoretical accounts to foretell H2O quality via the relationship between inputs and end products. At present, unreal intelligence techniques ( AI ) have been used intensively for anticipation in a figure of water-related countries, including H2O resource survey [ 3 ] , oceanology [ 4 ] , and air pollution [ 5 ] . The above survey attempts were usually based on an premise that the informations to be used should be dependable and accurate. However, the informations originating from probe and experiment may be polluted by noise signals due to the subjective and/or nonsubjective mistakes [ 6 ] . For illustration, the experiment mistakes may be resulted from measuring, reading, recording, and external conditions. Since these noisy signals are likely to falsify the consequences of theoretical accounts, it is a must to take them ( that is, signal denoising ) before utilizing any original informations. Signals can be denoised through the application of a set of additive filters [ 7 ] . However, one job of these filters is that they are more appropriate in additive systems than nonlinear systems. In add-on, Fourier analysis technique ( FAT ) is a classical tool for cut downing noises, but it is merely suited for denoising data/signals incorporating steady noises. Due to the noises that are unsteady in real-world instances, its application is still limited. To get the better of the jobs of traditional denoising techniques, more sophisticated techniques such as wavelet de-noising technique ( WDT ) has been proposed. WDT is utile for denoising multi-dimensional spatial/ temporal signals incorporating steady/unsteady noises. It has been widely applied to technology systems for patterns acknowledgment and cognition find [ 8 ] and [ 9 ] . However, few of these surveies were applied to H2O quality direction systems, where the H2O quality monitoring informations demands to be used for parametric quantity anticipation [ 10 ] . In this survey a WDT is proposed for cut downing noises induced by complex uncertainness. As mentioned before, there are many different types of AIs techniques among them unreal nervous webs ( ANN ) and adaptative neuro-fuzzy illation systems ( ANFIS ) have late gained attending in literature. Although ANN is rather powerful for patterning assorted existent universe jobs, it besides has its defects. If the input informations are less accurate or equivocal, ANN would be fighting to manage them and a fuzzed system such as ANFIS might be a better option. ANFIS theoretical account shows significantly higher truth and dependable in term of anticipation than ANN [ 11 ] . In this article, ANFIS faculty is proposed to foretell WQP at Johor River Basin. Furthermore, an augmented WDT-ANFIS based informations merger faculty for WQPP will present. In add-on, comprehensive comparing analysis is carried out between ANFIS and DWT-ANFIS to measure the public presentation that achieved after take the noising from the informations.MethodologySTUDY AREA Johor is the 2nd largest province in Peninsula Malaysia with an country of 18,941 km2. Johor River considers the chief river in Johor. The river flows in a approximately north-south way and empties into the Johor. The H2O quality of Johor River has been deteriorated with increasing degrees of assorted pollutants. Besides, it persists to be silted and chocked by rubbish and wastes as a effect of storage of enforcement by local-authorities. These contaminations finally flow into Johor River Estuaries, which are rich wonts that provide engendering and feeding countries for fish and domestic fowl. In this research, a survey of ANN patterning to foretell entire dissolved solids, electrical conduction and turbidness in Johor River basin is presented. These H2O quality parametric quantities were measured 60 samples within continuance 1998-2007 at chief watercourse as shown in Fig. 1. WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS In this survey, the H2O quality parametric quantities of involvements are entire dissolved solids ( T.D.Solids ) , electrical conduction and turbidness due to their importance in the Johor River and its feeder. The information appears that conduction is extremely affected due to cumulative consequence of urban land usage from upstream in the survey country. While, high concentration of dissolved solids were found in the survey country and caused H2O balance jobs for aquatic beings. Furthermore, the turbidness values exceed 300A NTU ( Nephelometric Turbidity Units ) . This poses serious jobs for the H2O intervention station located near the river. There are many parametric quantities more of import than what we selected in our survey such as COD, BOD and DO. But the scope of BOD harmonizing to the DOE monitoring station in the survey country was found between ( 1-2 ) which indicate there is non much organic waste nowadays in the H2O. Same scenario was observed in COD information which is ranged ( 10-15 ) . Therefore, this manuscript focuses on critical parametric quantities that affected due to the urbanisation around the rivers. ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM ANFIS Adaptive neuro-fuzzy illation system ( ANFIS ) , foremost was proposed by Jang in 1993 [ 12 ] , can accomplish a extremely nonlinear function and it is superior to common additive methods in bring forthing nonlinear clip series [ 13 ] . Throughout this research, it was considered the ANFIS architecture for the first order Sugeno fuzzy theoretical account [ 14 ] . The ANFIS is a multilayer provender forward web which uses nervous web larning algorithms and fuzzed logical thinking to map an input infinite to an end product infinite [ 15 ] . Assuming the fuzzy illation system under consideration has two inputs, ten and Y, and one end product, degree Fahrenheit for a first-order Sugeno fuzzy theoretical account, a common regulation set with two fuzzy if.then regulations can be expressed as: Rule 1: If x is A1and Y is B1 so f1=p1 x+q1 y+r1 ( 1 ) Rule 2: If x is A2 and Y is B2 so f2=p2 x+q2 y+r2 ( 2 ) Where A1, A2 and B1, B2 are the rank maps ( medium frequency ) for inputs x and y, severally ; pi, chi and Rhode Island ( one = 1 or 2 ) are additive parametric quantities in the attendant portion of the first-order Sugeno fuzzy theoretical account. The corresponding tantamount ANFIS architecture is showed in Fig. 2, where nodes of the same bed have similar maps. ANFIS consists of five beds as follow: Optimization Scheme of ANFIS Module Parameters For each of WQP we used same architectures that presented in Fig. 2.Where, three inputs ( suspended solids, pH and temperature ) were used to foretell the TURB. One input ( T.D.S ) was used to foretell the COND, while same faculty used to foretell the T.D.S after utilized the COND as input. It is to be noted that there is no analytical method to find the optimum figure of MFs. The optimum figure of MFs is normally determined heuristically and verified by experimentation. Hence, the figure of MFs is selected in test and mistake footing. In the interim, it is noted that we have tried four types of rank map: ( a ) triangular, ( B ) trapezoidal, ( degree Celsius ) gaussian, and ( vitamin D ) bell-shaped to build the fuzzed Numberss. After a big figure of tests, as a consequence bell-shaped distributed rank map compared with the others have obtained the minimal comparative mistake. Table 1 illustrates the figure and the types of MFs that adopted in this survey to make faculties.The ANFIS faculty is trained until making certain minimal mistake or after finishing certain figure of developing era. In this survey, the less no. of loop was introduced in order to devour the clip Fig 3 depicts the alteration in Root Mean Square Error ( RMSE ) for the ANFIS faculty during preparatio n and cross- proof. It is obvious from the figure that the faculty reaches the end 300 era. WAVELET DE-NOISING Wavelet analysis represents the following logical measure after short-time Fourier transforms ( STFT ) . It is based on a windowing technique with variable-sized parts. Wavelet transform ( WT ) allows the usage of long clip intervals where we want more precise low frequence information, and shorter parts where we want high frequence information [ 16 ] . In general, the major advantage offered by ripples is the ability to execute local analysis ; that is to analyse a localised country of a larger signal. The discrete-time WT of a clip domain signal is given as [ 10 ] : ( 3 ) Where, is the female parent ripple while and are, severally, the grading and switching indices. The grading gives the DWT logarithmic frequence coverage in contrast to the unvarying frequence coverage of the STFT. This analysis method so consists of break uping a signal into constituents at several frequence degrees, which are related by powers of two ( a dyadic graduated table ) [ 16 ] . The filtrating attack to multi-resolution WT is to organize a series of half-band filters that divide a spectrum into a high frequence set and a low frequence set. It is formulated on a grading map or low-pass filter ( LP ) and a ripple map or high-pass filter ( UP ) [ 17 ] . Wavelet Multi-resolution analysis ( WMRA ) builds a pyramidic construction that requires an iterative application of grading and ripple maps to low-pass and high base on balls filters, severally. These filters ab initio act on the full signal set at the high frequence ( small-scale values ) foremost and bit by bit cut down the signal set at each phase. As in Fig.4, the high-frequency set end products are represented by the item coefficients ( Dl, D2, D3 ) , and the low-frequency set end products are represented by the estimate coefficients ( Al, A2, A3 ) . Optimum parametric quantity choice for wavelet de-noising of WQP informations When utilizing ripples to de-noise WQP information, there are many factors that must be considered. Examples of these picks are which ripple, degree of decomposition, and thresholding methods to utilize. MATLAB provides several households of ripples including the Morlet, Mexican chapeau, Meyer, Haar, Daubechies, Symlets, Coiflets and Spline biorthogonal ripples and provides farther certification about these ripple households [ 18 ] . In order to obtain perfect Reconstruction consequences, merely extraneous ripples will be considered. The extraneous ripple transform has certain benefits. It is comparatively concise, allows for perfect Reconstruction of the original signal and is non comparatively hard to cipher. The two common methods of thresholding a signal are soft thresholding and difficult thresholding which are used in the MATLAB ripple tool chest [ 9. M. Misiti, Y. Misiti, G. Oppenheim and J.-M. Poggi. Wavelet Toolbox: For Use With, The Math Works Inc ( 1996 ) .18 ] . Although difficult thresholding is the simplest method, soft thresholding can bring forth better consequences than difficult thresholding. Therefore, the soft thresholding was adopted in this survey. There are four threshold choice regulations that are available to utilize with the ripple tool chest [ 9. M. Misiti, Y. Misiti, G. Oppenheim and J.-M. Poggi. Wavelet Toolbox: For Use With, The Math Works Inc ( 1996 ) .18 ] are shown in table 2. These threshold choice regulations use statistical arrested development of the noisy coefficients over clip to obtain a non-parametric appraisal of the reconstructed signal without noise. Merely the Sqtwolog was investigated in this survey which this method uses a fixed signifier threshold, which consequences in minimax public presentation multiplied by a factor proportional to logarithm of the length of the signal. Sing to the degree of decomposition, in this manuscript we reached the decision that a decomposition degree of 4 produced sensible consequenc es after utilised test and mistake method for all faculties. CROSS VALIDATION PROCEDURE FOR ANFIS MODULE Cross proof is a exemplary rating method that provides an indicant of how good the scholar will make when it is asked to do new anticipations for information it has non already seen. One manner to get the better of this job is to non utilize the full informations set when developing a scholar. Some of the information is removed before preparation Begins. Then when preparation is done, the informations that was removed can be used to prove the public presentation of the erudite theoretical account on â€Å" new † information. This is the basic thought for a whole category of theoretical account rating methods called cross proof. The training/validation informations split can hold a important impact on the consequences of the theoretical accounts [ 19 ] . Several methods for implementing the cross-validation theory were proposed in the literature ; nevertheless, the kernel of all these methods is similar. Among these different techniques the hold-out method is adopted in this survey due to its simpleness. Most of other methods ( like k-fold and Leave-one-out ) are computationally expensive. The hold-out method is the simplest sort of cross-validation. The information set is partitioned into two sets, called the preparation set and the testing set, without any peculiar pick of the divider. As shown in Fig. 5, the map approximator is trained to suit a map utilizing the preparation set merely. Then the map approximator is used to foretell the end product values for the information in the testing set. Elect optimal length of informations for Cross Validation The job with using the cross-validation attack in our survey is choosing the length of the information set utilised. It is of import for this choice to be representatives for characteristics of both developing informations set and the expected information set in the anticipation procedure. Different length of the cross-validation informations set of one ten percent, one fifth and one tierce of the information records has been examined Fig. 6.RESULT AND DISCUSSIONSince the H2O parametric quantities were truthfully monitored over these ten old ages, the public presentation of the proposed faculties can be examined and evaluated. The public presentations of the faculties are evaluated harmonizing to Mean Absolute Error MAE. ( 4 ) Where m is the figure of proving sample, pi ( trial ) is the theoretical account end product for each parametric quantity, Ti is the existent value for each parametric quantity, I is the parametric quantity index. In this survey, for a given set of ANFIS parametric quantities, three web architectures were developed for each parametric quantity in order to obtain the optimum length of cross-validation informations set that provides the high degree of anticipation truth. The table 3 verifies that, taking one tierce of the information records was non sufficient.The chief ground for this is there was non adequate information record for the preparation procedure, which made it hard to make the mistake end. On the other manus, when one ten percent of the information was used for the cross proof procedure, the high degrees of mistake were observed. Choosing one ten percent of informations records lead to failing in observing the characteristics of the expected information set in anticipatio n procedure. It appears from the tabular array that the MAE was lessening to the about half for the ANFIS faculty that adopted to foretell the T.D.S. after using the one fifth of the information record comparing with cross-validation length equal to tierce. Furthermore, the MAE for the ANFIS that used to foretell the TURB equal to 36.54 when cross-validation equal to one ten percent, while truth ANFIS reduces this mistake to 20.52 after cross proofs equal to one fifth of information record was introduced. Same scenario was obtained in the faculty that used to foretell the COND. As complete, the optimal degree of truth was achieved by choosing the length of the cross-validation equal to one fifth of the information record. After select the optimum length of cross-validation, a comparing between the ANFIS faculties and WDT-ANFIS faculties will present in order to analyze the effectivity of the proposed faculties to foretell WQP. Fig.7 demonstrates the public presentation of the WDT-ANFIS during preparation and cross-validation procedure. It ‘s obvious in Fig. 7 that the public presentation end of was achieved in less than 100 eras, while the same end could non be achieved in Fig. 3. This consequence depicts that the WDT-ANFIS capable to devour the clip. Apparently from Fig. 8 that the WDT-ANFIS based faculty outperformed the ANFIS and was able to supply betterment in anticipation truth of TURB with MAE equal to 0.1. While, inefficient public presentation was observed harmonizing to ANFIS faculty when the MAE was exceed 20. It is apparent with the addition of noise strength ; the WQP will hold more accurate anticipation value through the informations de-noised by WDT than those without de-noising. This indicates the high quality of WDT in cleaning the information. Apparently, the ANFIS faculty that used to foretell the T.D.S was able to accomplish acceptable consequence after using natural information. This consequence figures out that the ANFIS faculty can efficaciously capture nonlinearity in input/output function. More sweetenings in anticipation of T.D.S were achieved after using WDT-ANFIS. Where the truth was betterment eight times comparing with the ANFIS faculty. Albeit the mistake while proving is consider comparatively high comparing with preparation and cross- proof stage, achieve a MAE do n't transcend 3.4 which is consider best consequence in predict the T.D.S. This consequence showed that the WDT-ANFIS faculty could be considered as the appropriate mold technique for anticipation such WQP. It can besides be observed that the WDT-ANFIS faculty outperformed the ANFIS faculty and was able to supply betterment in anticipation truth for COND. It can be noticed that the WDT-ANFIS was capable of accomplishing high degree of truth in anticipation phase equal to 2.2, while inefficient public presentation was observed harmonizing to the ANFIS faculty when the per centum of MAE exceed 25. Over all, in this research, the WDT-ANFIS can hence be declared as the best web architecture because it outperforms ANFIS. These consequences show that the WDT-ANFIS theoretical account was non merely capable of bettering the truth of WQPP but the theoretical account besides was capable of capturing the temporal forms of the H2O quality which allowed it to supply important sweetening in anticipation. As a consequence, ANFIS module become more capable to capture the moral force and the complex processes that hidden in the informations itself for WQP after augmented it with WDT. The above observation is farther illustrated in Fig.9 demoing the public presentation of WDT-ANFIS faculties while preparation, cross-validation and anticipation procedure for the WQP. It is obvious from the Fig. 9 ( a ) that the proposed faculty that adopted to foretell the COND was capable to placing the complex non-linear relationship between input and end product informations where merely one fifth of records were used during anticipation. It is clear from the figure that the maximal per centum mistake for all the trained and cross-validation records is merely 1.85 % and 1.2 % severally. While, the maximal per centum mistake for all the predicted records is merely 3.9 % . This consequence reveals that the proposed faculty able to imitating the existent behaviour of the COND in the H2O organic structure. In order to salvage clip and avoid making independent faculty to each parametric quantity, old faculty that utilized to foretell the COND will follow and examined to foretell the T.D.S. it can be noticed from Fig. 9 ( B ) that using one parametric quantity as input does non let the WDT-ANFIS faculty to hold the exposure to enough input kineticss and the chance to be suitably evaluated during cross-validation procedure. Consequently, the mistake degrees during the anticipation procedure may get down to be larger than those obtained during transverse proof. As a consequence, the system may non be able to keep the same degrees of truth for both the cross proof and anticipation procedure. Even though the degree of mistakes in the anticipation phase is comparatively high, moderately good consequence was obtained for the anticipation of T.D.S where maximal per centum mistakes during anticipation procedure did non transcend 10 % Ali et at. [ 20 ] adopted RBF-NN to foretell the TURB at Johor River Basin. High degree of mistake was obtained due to one parametric quantity was used as input to the faculty. In this portion of this paper, three parametric quantities were introduced as input to the faculty after investigated the correlativity between the inputs and end product. Fig.9 ( degree Celsius ) shows the faculty public presentation while preparation, cross proof and anticipation for TURB. It can detect that the maximal mistake in preparation procedure is falling within 0.05 % which indicates that the theoretical account able gaining control the relationships between input/output. Although the mistake of anticipation phase equal to four times the mistake in cross-validation, the faculty provides high degree of truth comparing with the other faculties that used to foretell the COND and T.D.S where the maximal per centum mistake for all the predicted records is merely 0.21 % .DecisionAdaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Infer ence System ( ANFIS ) can cover with extremely variable, lingual, obscure and unsure informations or cognition. Therefore, this manuscript employs ANFIS theoretical account as a feasible agencies to foretell three H2O quality parametric quantities ; Electrical CONDuctivity ( COND ) , Total Dissolved Solids ( T.D.S ) and TURBidity ( TURB ) at Johor River basin, Malaysia. However, legion incompatibilities in information records are observed in the informations that mensurating by Department of Environment ( DOE ) monitoring Stationss owing to systematic mistakes, random mistakes and mistakes associated with informations entry. This blunt mismatch generate noise corrupted the records of the existent value of the parametric quantities. Therefore, the truth of the ANFIS is significantly affected by such mistakes nature and forms of the monitored informations. In order to predominate over these insufficiencies, ANFIS theoretical account is augmented with Wavelet De-noising Technique ( WDT ) to better the truth. The consequence shown that the WDT can be applied successfully and lend to heighten the truth of H2O quality anticipation by synthesis it with ANFIS algorithm.RecognitionsThe writers wish to thank Department Of Environment for supplying the needed informations for developing this research and to Dr. Sundarambal Palani for her penetration and counsel throughout this research. This research was supported by the research grant for the 2nd and 3rd writers from University Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM-GUP-PLW-08-13-308.

Intro to MT

What is Medical Technology? Branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the diagnostic or therapeutic applications of science and technology. Also known as Clinical Laboratory Science A dynamic healthcare profession that deals with the study and practice of diagnostic laboratory medicine. Ruth Heinemann (1963) The application of principles of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.Anna Fagelson (1961) The branch of medicine concerned with the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and the maintenance of health. Walters The health profession concerned with performing laboratory analyses in view of obtaining information necessary in the diagnosis and treatment of disease as well as in the maintenance of good health.Republic Act NO. 5527 An auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination by vari ous chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic and other medical laboratory procedures r technique which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study, and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.Medical Technologist A person who engages in the work of medical technology under the supervision of a pathologist or licensed physician authorized by the Department of Health in places where there is no pathologist and who having passed the prescribed course (Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology/Bachelor of Science in Public Health) of training and examination is registered under the provision of this Act. Nature of Work Medical Technologists perform complex chemical, biological, hematological, immunologic, microscopic, and bacteriological analyses, including: Microscopically examine blood and other body fluids.Make cultures of body fluid and tissue samples to determine the presence of bacteria, tungi, parasites, or other microorganisms. Analyze samples tor chemical content or a chemical reaction and determine concentrations of compounds such as blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Type and cross match blood samples for transfusions. Evaluate test results, develop and modify procedures, and establish and monitor rograms to ensure the accuracy of tests.In what way will it be of help and importance to our society? To improve the management of health conditions using various means of identifying the causes and nature of diseases. To aid other health professionals in decision-making as well as in therapeutic directions; Ultimately to deliver an excellent patient care and improve the quality of life. Field of Specialty Hematology Clinical Chemistry Clinical Microscopy (Parasitology) Microbiology (Bacteriology, Mycology) Blood Bank & Transfusion Practices

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Leadership Profile second stage (Qaide azam Mohmad Ali Jinah) Essay

Leadership Profile second stage (Qaide azam Mohmad Ali Jinah) - Essay Example (Wolpert, 1984, p. 182) Adair, (2002, p. 3) concludes that no communities are identified that do not have leadership in several characteristics of their communal life, though numerous may not have a particular overall leader to make and execute decisions. National practicability depends in some measure on effective leadership. Successful leaders participate in both professional leadership activities (e.g. setting a chore, creating a process for attaining ambitions, lining up methods and routes) and personal leadership activities (e.g. building confidence, gentle for people, acting with integrity). Great suggestions proposed by the right being in the wrong situation, or to the immoral audience, or at the badly chosen time are meant to fail. Great leaders are those who employ and focus the appropriate combination of elements on the dot to impact their world in impressive ways. This idealism, combined with his feeling, dating back to the London days, that there was a role for him on Indias political stage, le d him to join the Indian National Congress in 1906 and, three years later, to make a bid, which proved successful, to enter the Imperial Legislative Council as the nominee of the Muslims of Bombay. At Congresss 1906 session, Jinnah acted as private secretary to the president, Dadabhai Naoroji. It was a landmark session: for the first time Congress asked, through its president, for "Swaraj," using the Hindi word for self-rule. Later, when Bal Gangadhar Tilak of Poona, famed for his assertion, "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it," was prosecuted by the Raj, Jinnah served as one of the Brahmin defendants lawyers. Remarkably, the majority of what we know about leadership derives from the observation of how folks relate to their immediate heads. Nonetheless, probing individual opinions of â€Å"leadership† at the national level is a striking intention (Meigs, 2001, p. 4).

The Shawshank Redemption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

The Shawshank Redemption - Essay Example Becoming a filmmaker is not like becoming a dentist that involves having a role model and going to dental school for some years and then going to that line of work. The movie business is based on a lot of intellectual things like instinct, talent, effort, persistence and believing in yourself. So the real answer for those who are listening to me is I was my own role model; I found my own path because I believed that what works for another person cannot work for me and vice versa. It is as a result of my ambition that I struggled for 9 years to become a writer before starting earning a living from it. The movie Shawshank Redemption is rated as an uplifting, profoundly satisfying drama with not only sensitive direction, but also fine performances. Can you please explain what might have led to your movie achieving such a profound rating? First, I will attribute the rating of Shawshank Redemption as one of the best movies to have been produced to the flow of the story. The story presented in this movie can be understood by almost every person who watches it. The choice of key characters is also another thing that enhanced the success of the movie. The main characters in the Shawshank Redemption were Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman, who were among the renowned actors in that time. Incorporation of these two characters in a movie was by itself a success. Apart from storyline and choice of characters, cinematography also played a part in enhancing the success of the Shawshank Redemption in the movie industry. My working together with Roger Deakins, a renowned cinematographer, enhanced production of quality photographic images and effects. In relation to the cinematography that you have just touched on, throughout the movie you have used lighting.

Phase 3 DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Phase 3 DB - Essay Example These include potential product failure when customers use them and customer dissatisfaction because the widgets do not address their needs. By emphasizing what this issue could bring the company such as dissatisfaction that could impair the relationship with the customers thus affecting long-term profitability of the business, costly product repairs and reimbursements, and negative word of mouth that damages the company’s public image, the issue would come into the CEO and other managers’ attention. However, it would not be so clever a move to put the blame on sales immediately. As discussions about this issue go on, tracking the root of this problem and coming up with a solution can be the subject in the meeting. With this, other managers could be encouraged to give their inputs and what the possible reasons could be the root cause of this problem. Perhaps the problem can be broken down into pieces—firstly the selling process, the customer orders, then the product manufacture process, then distribution to customers. By laying out the process from the time the customer places an order to distribution of the order, potential causes can be spotted as well as areas for improvement and where value can be added can be recognized. Since it is never proven whether this issue is caused by intentionally selling wrong widgets to customers or due to poor knowledge of sales representatives, these issues will suffice along the discussion. In any case, two sets of recommendations can be provided for each scenario. If the company intends to sell wrong widgets to customers just for short-term profitability goals and rapid expansion: it could be communicated to the CEO that such practices by the company, given the sophistication of the market place will lead to the eventual downfall of the company. A company that does not put its customers’ welfare in the heart of its operations will

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 28

Case Study - Essay Example The officials elected are there because of their relationship with the citizens; if they refuse to barter on behalf of those within their districts, then they are not upholding their moral responsibility to the people. It can even be argued that, as humans, we have a relationship with our environment and, therefore, a duty to uphold and protect it from harm. As the government tries to safeguard the environment it must also put to consideration the economic and financial gain they receive from Nestle Company through taxes and also providing employment to the citizens at much higher salary rates than any other company in the state. The bottled water market is worth â€Å"$6 billion in annual sales† (Barry & Shaw, 2014, p. 131), with monetary gain assured for Nestlà © if they triple their output. The company is also supplying water to the majority of the citizens in Michigan State with clean drinking water, the product they never used to have before it was launched. The company, however, has several negative impacts on the environment and entire ecosystem of Michigan State by increasing its pumping rate from 130 gallons per minute to 400 gallons per minute. Over a continuous period, the number of fish in the water body will decrease drastically due to water shortage and hence fishing will also be edged out of the economy of the state. Ideas relevant in this debate would be environmental justice and equity for the people in Michigan communities. If water rapidly disappears, it also becomes an issue of efficiency with the renewability of supplies becoming in question. Nestlà © has to deal with customer satisfaction, but also the satisfaction of their state business partners. It should work on modalities of moderating their production in manner that they will serve the customers to satisfaction and generate enough profit while at the same time conserving the environment not to infringe on other people’s right to use the water

Personal journal entry 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal journal entry 5 - Essay Example Feminist theory argues that legal positivism is the main reason women have been dominated by men in the past. The theory argues that the law has been written historically baymen to favor the position of men over women. ïÆ'Ëœ Women should be given genuine equality with men in all areas of life as opposed to the current provisions by the law. This is in direct opposition to legal positivism. A good example is the 19th amendment to the USA constitution which gives equal rights to voting for both women and men3. The feminist theory fights for the recognition of the differences between the two sexes as opposed to the sameness that are advocated by the legal positivism. The feminist theory argues that, it is until the law acknowledges the differences between men and women, that it can bring equality between them4. In conclusion, presently, the position of women is much better than it was five decades ago. The effort of the feminist movements has ensured that women achieved considerable progress in the campaign. The position of women in today’s society can be attributed to a large percentage, to the changes in the legislation that have happened over the

Monster by Sanyika Shakur Essay Example for Free

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Reflection on Nursing Teamwork

Reflection on Nursing Teamwork Implementing an effective teamwork skill is essential in nursing. I would be reflecting on the dynamics of my own personal experience on Enquiry Based-Learning, an important element in my programme of study. Nurses are everywhere, working with different professionals to achieve a common outcome that leads toward a patients wellbeing. For this reasons, my course, in a way focused on enquiry based learning to develop important skills to empower student nurses while in the healthcare sector. Throughout this essay, I would be referring to Gibbs (1998) reflective model to explore how the group worked as well as focusing on my own contribution. Description I undertook a group activity section as part of my learning development which is defined as Enquiry Based Learning. A group composed of 5 members to work together as part of a team on a specific task. My group is to work on a case study working together as a group to produce a piece of PowerPoint presentation to present our findings.   Grounded on my understanding, I have identified a group as collective consisting of one or two people with a common interest whereas a group dynamic is a team of people acting interdependently with excellent communication skills, different knowledge and interact with each other regardless of shared responsibilities (George, 1985).   To this end, I would think of my enquiry based-learning group as a task -focused group, as each individual had a delegated task to carryout.   My enquiry based group was selected casually to work together and to share responsibilities individually which means to be able to produce this piece, we would need to communic ate frequently with each other by building a significant relationship with the members of the group. Feelings Initially I felt confident to be in a smaller group as this gives me the opportunity to communicate in an easy way. however, I got frightened and felt anxious about having to be in a group with people I do know have any kind of a friendly approach with.   Also, I got frightened because, I perceived the group as a task purposed group only. Nevertheless, according to Casey, A. (2011) Communication is central to human interaction. Without it, people cannot relate to those around them, make their needs and concerns known or make sense of what is happening to them.   to this end, with a smile in my face, I took the initiative to introduce myself and ask the members of my enquiry based learning their names. Tuchman (1965) underlined the importance of team development through four stages. However, forming is the first stage members of a team or group go through before moving unto the next phase.   This is an introductory stage where the group become adapted to each other. During the f orming stage, the team members including myself have been very nice to each other but at the same time there are unseen possible conflicts. Firstly, in the forming stage, we got selected randomly as a group to work together to achieve an outcome to meet a deadline. However, we started to get to know each other, to socialise, by becoming acquainted with each other while talking through the task. We all contributed in splitting the task in semi topics to obtain an outcome easily. Additionally, as a task focused group, we talked about the task and started to delegate each member a task to undergo. At this point, everyones opinion was valued, we discussed and planned on how to carry out our research and how to present it. Furthermore, in norming stage, we assessed the task as a group and set out the ground rules, boundaries and standards through communication and interaction (Tuchman, 1965). I was able to communicate interactively with the members of my enquiry based learning group and to convey my ideas. I also decided on which part of the argument I was interested in developing research into.   Additionally, everyone con veyed their ideas along with suggestions made by other members.   Consequently as, the group dynamic begins to lose its structure, conflicts emerge.   Which leads to the storming stage as stated by Tuchman (1965).   In this stage, though, there has not be any disagreements we decided to meet outside university to work together, because this is mainly task focused group, we all participated in a positive way.   Consequently, leading to the performing stage where we were able to achieve our goal (Tuchman, 1965). Evaluation Positively, even though in the norming stage we started to work connectedly and the team performance is elevated thus not as high performing. we all contributed our ideas, discussed about possible meetings, place and the frequency. However, as a member, I was able to establish harmonious relationships with the rest of the group. I wanted the work to be done properly so I maintained a positive relationship throughout the section.   I explored my given topic independently, making sure to keep the interaction between the group going then we met on few occasions to put the work together and to practice on how to present the work.   However, I didnt like the formation of the group because, even though we were good and very task focused, we did not have a specific role to adhere to. Everyone was doing everything and this was very disorganised. There was a point where we kept sending the working to the group and the members making changes independently whereas, as a supportive and inter active team, we could have meet  Ã‚   and discuss around any changes. The reason for this is because, even though we are really interactive wen we see each other, this, however, is different when we send messages around concerning or regarding the presentation. Members do not pay attention to messages.  Ã‚   Consequently as, the group dynamic begins to lose its structure, the group therefore struggles and dysfunctions as a group. This stage negatively impact on the whole process through a realisation that, we did not really have a lasting group dynamic as members started to create small groups within the group unintentionally because of obvious preferences. They are more interested in getting their work done based on been the best. Personally, when this happened, people stop communicating, message and purpose become unclarified. So, people do things wrongly on their own terms. Relating to this, the group still functions as a group but there is no interaction or relationship based-communication. Referring to the Mindtools document (Belbins reflective cycle), when a team is acting at its best, you will usually find that all the members has clear responsibilities.   Belbin (1993) said, Team role is a tendency to behaviour, contribution and interrelation with others. It is a pattern of behaviour that characterizes one persons behaviour in a team process. It is thus, vital to classify the roles members possess to improve the teams effectiveness. Teams having a balance of personality types perform better than those with duplicated personalities (Belbin,1993). Belbin came up with the roles of individual team members which states that every member is unique and possesses unique behaviour which might affect the performance of the activity. He also used self-perception inventory questionnaire in his research in order to identify team roles and he found nine different roles with unique characteristics. These inclusive; Following Belbins (1981) individual role in the team, the role that best describes me in the team was Implementers as I am mainly in charge of getting things done by elaborating in a systematic and an organized way on the teams ideas and approaches into reasonable actions and plans. Also, I played the role of Completer-Finisher as I am always anxious about deadlines and want to make sure the work is completed and done before then.   On my personal point of view, I would say our group was acting very close to a team but there is still distance from a high performing team and If I had to change something about it next time, I would ask the lecturers to change the members. Analysis Conclusion In conclusion, reflecting on this account, in a group or teamwork, all members are important. As stated in Tuchmans (1965) reflective model it is important that individuals are delegated a task within in the group to focus on. However, firstly, there was no leadership, according the Kings Fund (2015) leadership is a tool to a successful and effective group task. For this reason, there was no formality of order in the group. Everyone was doing everything not sticking to the group dynamics. Secondly, though we were communicating and focusing on the task yet we were somehow disorganised and initial standards was not well observed.   Thirdly, our communication was a task-focused on not based on interrelations because, as soon as we depart from each other there is no more communication Bach (2015). If I have been given the opportunity next time, I would have recommended that the group delegate a leader to oversee the project only this way, would things be well organised and encourage mo re group meeting and to pay attention to messages thus giving a feedback and discussing it as a group. Action plan To encourage the participation and collaboration as a group, I will empower the group to elect a leader who can oversee managing affairs of the group. I would also encourage members to participate in providing feedbacks to any message that is communicate in other to understand what changes might occur. References: Bach, s. (2009) communication and interpersonal skills :Learning Matters LTD   available at http://sgh.org.sa/Portals/0/Articles/Communication%20and%20Interpersonal%20Skills%20for%20Nurses.pdf (19/02/17) Belbin, M. (1993) : Team roles: Mindtools available at mindtools.com/Belbin team roles Casey, A. (2011) Effective communication: Principle of Nursing Practice E: RCN :v 25 (32) available at https://www2.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/380795/Nursing_Standard_Principle_E_April11_563KB.pdf (accessed 19/02/17). George, N. (1985). Importance of teamwork at work. Availablie at http://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-teamwork-work-11196.html Gibbs (1998): Reflective cycle : available at mindtools.com/gibbs reflective cycle Maggs, D. (2015) The Kings Fund: Leadership and Leadership Development: London available at https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/sites/files/kf/field/field_publication_file/leadership-leadership-development-health-care-feb-2015.pdf (accessed 19/02/17).

Naturalism in Sister Carrie

Naturalism in Sister Carrie There was much debate to whether Dreiser was a naturalist after the model of Zola. But if this denomination is reflected by the acceptance of the sordid side of life and a more faithful registration of personal experience, then it can be a characteristic of his work. He was an objective realist who remotely brought together his facts but at the same time he was more. ( Spiller et all, 1963: 1039) In the case of Dreisers Sister Carrie a novel that has been repeatedly classified in separate accounts as a work of literary realism and literary naturalism the exact opposite seems to hold true. Featuring elements of two of the most prominent literary movements of the time in which it was written, the very consistency of Sister Carrie seems to be built on the combination of discrepant parts. Dreiser attains such combinatorial proficiency by operating with a rather distinct method of characterization, correlating the traits of particular characters (primarily Carrie) with a variety of forms of imagery employed to describe the external circumstances that affect them. By joining realistic descriptions with naturalistic intentions in dealing with his characters, Dreiser is able to connect the vastness between literary genres, not only overcoming literary divisions. ( Decker, 1997, 2) Being the subject of various critics, Dreiser stated his intention with Sister Carrie in one interview in June 1907: Here is a book that is close to life. It is intended not as a piece of literary craftsmanship, but as a picture of conditions done as simply and effectively as the English language will permit. To set up and criticize me for saying vest instead of waistcoat, to talk about my splitting the infinitive and using vulgar commonplaces here and there, when the tragedy of a mans life is depicted, is silly ( qtd. In Pizer, 1991: 13)   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Sister Carrie is often referred to as a pattern of realist literature because of its very down-to-earth descriptive technique. By presenting a behind-the-scenes view of daily life in Chicago and New York often from the two very different perspectives of Carrie and Hurstwood Dreiser illustrates what actually happens in places the reader might know only tangentially. Such objectivity permitted Dreiser to concentrate on the fundamental qualities of ordinary human experience while at the same time representing larger sociocultural notions and values. A context as this serves to provide the novel in general with two of its most characteristic themes: the individual seeking his fortune in the big city and perhaps only achieving tragic failure, so often described by the French and American Realists; and, frequently in association with this, the milieu studies of such writers as Dreiser (qtd. in Decker, 1997: ). Integrating accurate description s of everyday experience in a collection of apparently vast American settings, the fiction of Theodore Dreiser has thus been easily recognized in light of realist descriptive technique (Phillips 572).   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Literary naturalism developed out of realism and Darwins biological theories Those in favour of a naturalistic approach to and interpretation of life concentrated on depicting the social environment and dwelt particularly on its deficiencies and on the shortcomings of human beings. The naturalists vision of the estate of man tended to be subjective and was very often somber (Naturalism 537-8). Naturalist authors refocused the objective of the realist novel by examining the unintelligible influences of biology and culture on man to expose the weakness of the human condition. By detecting the impossibility of human understanding, naturalist authors depicted experience as a assemblage of events generated by innate cultural and biological inheritances. Rather than trying to bring to light and describe the nature of specific social and cultural truths, naturalists proved readers that the facts themselves were in reality driven by grea ter and often incomprehensible sociobiological forces (qtd. in Decker, 1997, 2)).   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Evocative of a rather deterministic message, Sister Carrie has also been often referred to as a work of literary naturalism (qtd in Decker,). In this view, the city settings in which the plot develops are means for the various social and biological forces that drive the action of this novel. Both Carrie and Hurstwood are stimulated by external and internal forces that are beyond their individual powers of control. The descriptions of the characters, then in particular those involving external appearances and settings to internal traits illustrate how deeply these individuals are influenced by factors inexplicable to them. The original message of Sister Carrie the futility and mystery of life-guiding forces considering the intriguing vagaries of fortune is therefore a readily naturalistic one (Walcutt 266-9).   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Even though literary realism and naturalism are often seen as different and discordant modes of representation in the American literary canon, the movements in theme as well as in description are not mutually absolute. The appearance of American naturalism in the late 19th century did not mark any ultimate rupture with literary realism. In fact, some critics see naturalism as a logical extension of realism, building upon the knowledge of the time and expressing thought in an updated fashion (qtd. in Decker). Bearing such ideas in mind, it would seem deductively unsupported to assume that certain authors writing at the turn of the 20th century did not exploit particular aspects of divergent literary movements to reflect overarching ideologies of the time.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Writing in 1900, Dreiser certainly would have been aware of the stylistic elements of both literary movements. With the tools of each of these modes of address at his disposal, Dreiser was able to portray realistic settings and descriptions while maintaining an underlying naturalistic message one revealing the powerlessness of the individual in a morally confused society. The chief accomplishment of such a combination that of literary realism and naturalism in Sister Carrie occurs through the correlation of Carries physical appearance with what one might consider inherent personality traits.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   The various realistic character descriptions in Sister Carrie render a very naturalistic message by their correlation with internal traits and motivations. Although the novel continually and quite dispassionately observes the conditions of ordinary life, Sister Carrie also centers the attention on the total absence of ethical plot conflict (the presence of which would be notable in a strictly realist novel). Even if its motion is depicted realistically, Sister Carrie is not reliant on determined acts by any of its main characters (Walcutt 270-2). One of the greatest sources of such external / internal conflict occurs in repeated instances of sea imagery within the novels context. This is particularly relevant to the initial characterization of Carrie.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   With the wane of the afternoon went her hopes, her courage, and her strength. On every hand, to her fatigued senses, the great business portion grew larger, harder, more stolid in its indifferenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Men and women hurried by in long shifting lines. She felt the flow of the tide of effort and interest felt her own helplessness without quite realizing the wisp of the tide that she was (21). The novel begins with Carrie finding herself in an unfamiliar and unstable environment, she feels that she is utterly subject to a force greater than that of her own personal agency. Carries job-seeking efforts are described is extremely realistic ones. The circumstances of trying to obtain a working position in a low social place are faithfully portrayed, including their potential effects such a hardship might have on the individual psyche (.Decker) Yet, when one judges the primary motivation in this quote, it becomes obvious that there is a naturalistic message emphasizing the abovementioned realistic descriptions. This message of whose implications Carrie is not aware is one that paints man as a helpless organism in a sea of forces above and beyond his control and understanding. Finding a job seen as an internal motivation, one marked by realistic description is merged with an external nature that evades any decisive human control. A debate on internal motivation might be inte rpreted as one of the ways in which Dreiser combines realistic description with naturalistic intention in order to triumph over the strict difference between literary realism and naturalism.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Such correspondence between realistic descriptions and naturalistic intention can also be found in the concrete characterization of Carrie. Dreiser frequently compares Carries physical and mental composition, utilizing the forces of literary realism to convey actual descriptions while employing naturalistic techniques to provide an underlying message.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Caroline, or Sister Carrie, as she had been half affectionately termed by the family, was possessed of a mind rudimentary in its power of observation and analysis. Warm with the fancies of youth, pretty with the insipid prettiness of the formative period, possessed of a figure promising eventual shapeliness and an eye alight with certain native intelligence (Dreiser 2). This way, Carrie is made a preface, her character is depicted in two ways: first, through the description of her mental traits, and second, through the description of her physical appearance. By the realistic portrayal of Carries looks, Dreiser hints at who Carrie is. By then placing both physical and mental characteristics within the bounds of a single phrase, Dreiser makes a very naturalistic argument. This claim that the forces of biology have not contoured the way Carrie looks but also the way she thinks and acts is one that strengthens the concept of the frailty of human understanding. This is significant considering the overall attitude to Sister Carrie can be regarded as a reflection of biological determinism convoyed by a conviction that the course of narrated events has neither order nor direct accessibility to mans intellect (Walcutt 277). By revealing the reader that Carries mental qualities are established exclusively on features beyond her control, Dreiser formulates t he naturalistic reason that human agency is driven by a greater force than that of the consideration of individual characters as well as novels final motion. In this way, the early presentation of Carries personality combines realistic description with naturalistic meaning that of biological stimulus and mans limited discernment to exceed the bounds of literary genre.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  moreover,  Dreiser employs similar physical descriptions to show how Carries mental and emotional traits are viewed by others in this novel.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  He looked at her pretty face and it vivified his mental resources. She was a sweet little mortal to him there was not doubt of that. She seemed to have some power back of her actions. She was not like the common run of store-girls. She wasnt silly (53). By this quote, Dreiser familiarizes his reader with Drouets perspective, who sees Carrie from the perspective of her beauty. By realistically comparing her physical appearance with the common run of store-girls,(53) Owing to his vast knowledge with women Drouet concludes that Carrie is not only more physically attractive than the average-looking woman of the period, but also gifted with more agency. This quote speaks about the realistic description of Carries physical qualities to the sphere of the naturalistic by disclosing the biological basis of mental traits. The description of Carries physical traits in this passage suggests the tone of naturalism through realistic depiction, demonstrating that Carries personality is nothing other than an increase of her biological composition. By presenting Carrie through the eyes of a knower (Drouet), Dreiser shows that even other individuals morally corrupted society in where the narrative is set, are blinded by the expression of physical tra its. Dreiser therefore mingles realistic descriptions of Carrie with a naturalistic implication to show the limitations of rigorously defining literary realism and naturalism.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Dreiser also conveys the combination of literary realism with naturalism by directly addressing physical influences on mental and emotional qualities.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   To the untraveled, territory other than their own familiar hearth is invariably fascinating. Next to love, it is the one thing which solaces and delights. Things new are too important to be neglected, and mind, which is a mere reflection of sensory impressions, succumbs to the flood of objects (217). This quote is meant directly for the reader. In Dreisers fiction, there is often an explicit correlation between the narrator and the author himself. By temporarily assuming the role of the narrator, Dreiser is able to insert his own personal opinions directly into the text without assuming an overly authoritative tone (qtd in Decker, 6). By addressing the reader directly, Dreiser is able to express his naturalistic message bluntly by making the most of realistic descriptions, thus bridging the disparity between literary realism and literary naturalism.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  A final example that demonstrates the overlap between literary realism and naturalism in Dreisers Sister Carrie occurs at the novels conclusion. At this point in the plots progression, the relationship between realistic description and naturalistic intent has become fairly evident. The combination of literary movements is further enhanced when Dreiser directly attributes Carries success as an actress (based on naturalistic motivation) to the acknowledgment of her very realistically described physical beauty.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Now because Carrie was pretty, the gentlemen who made up the advance illustrations of shows about to appear for the Sunday papers selected Carries photo along with others to illustrate the announcement. Because she was very pretty, they gave it excellent space and drew scrolls around it. At the same time there seemed very little in her part. It consisted of standing around in all sorts of scenes, a silent little Quakeress. Carrie was the chief feature of the play. The audience, the more it studied her, the more it indicated its delight. Every other feature paled beside the quaint, teasing, delightful atmosphere which Carrie contributed while on stage (Dreiser 351-3).   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   At the novels conclusion, Dreiser shows the reader that Carrie has risen above her former station in life one initially marked by a feeling of almost overwhelming helplessness. Dreiser also points out, however, that Carrie has achieved her position as a well-known actress only through others recognition of her physical beauty a trait that was marked as causing her heightened mental and emotional prowess from the novels very inception. Carries part as an actress consists only of standing around and frowning acting which fails to lend itself to her potential mental fortitude. In effect, then, Carrie has risen above and beyond her initial rank in life by ends outside her control and understanding. By realistically describing the announcement of her part in the papers as well as the actual role itself, Dreiser shows the reader how Carrie has advanced naturalistically on the basis of her physical attractiveness to members of the o pposite sex. In this conclusion, then, Dreiser utilizes realistic descriptions in order to convey the naturalistic notion that it is only Carries beauty that contributes to her inner being and her ultimate success. With this idea in mind, Dreiser definitively binds realistic description to the naturalistic notion of helplessness and misunderstanding to dispel the boundaries between literary movements.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Although traditionally referenced as a work of either strict literary realism or naturalism, Theodore Dreisers Sister Carrie is a novel that incorporates certain aspects of each of these movements to overcome the boundary seemingly inherent between the two. Through the pervasive combination of realistic description with the naturalistic dismissal of individual power and understanding, Dreiser, writing at the turn of the 20th century, bridges the expanse between these two literary movements. Utilizing realistic descriptions of internal motivations and physical descriptions, Dreiser gives the reader an accurate sense of who Carrie is and what her world is like. Dreiser also conveys a naturalistic message in his novel one marked by the misunderstanding of a morally oblivious society regarding various underlying behavior-governing forces. By frequently comparing Carries physical appearance to her emotional and mental composi tion, Dreiser shows the reader that seemingly personal qualities are based on strictly sociobiological foundations. By utilizing realistic descriptions of Carries physical attributes to contribute to his naturalistic message, Dreiser bridges the gap between literary realism and naturalism and proves that strict holistic coherence need not be based on readily compatible parts.

Gorilla Research Paper -- essays research papers

Common name- Gorilla Scientific name- Gorilla gorilla class- mammalia order- primata family- pongidae genus- gorilla   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The gorillas live mainly in coastal West Africa in the Congo, Zaire, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon. Gorillas live in the rain forest. They usually live on the ground but build nest in trees to sleep in. Gorilla troops keep a 15-20 square mile range which often overlaps the range of other troops. There are three different kinds of gorillas. The eastern lowland gorilla the western lowland and the mountain gorilla. They are herbivores and eat only wild celery, roots, tree bark pulp, fruit, stems of many plants and bamboo shoots. They spend nearly half their day eating. The destruction of their habitat and destruction are the two great threats to the gorillas. The places where they are found are poor and densely populated. The land that is set aside for gorillas is being taken over by agriculture. The wire traps that poachers set out for antelope usually end up catching gorillas instead. People kill them for their heads and hands as trophies. The western lowland gorilla is listed as an endangered species.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The physical characteristics of a gorilla are, the male may be from a height of 5.5 ft and a weight of about 400 lbs. The female can be as tall as 5 ft. and weight almost about half the weight of the male. Their skull is pretty much similar to ours, but their bones are thicker. The gorillas spin... Gorilla Research Paper -- essays research papers Common name- Gorilla Scientific name- Gorilla gorilla class- mammalia order- primata family- pongidae genus- gorilla   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The gorillas live mainly in coastal West Africa in the Congo, Zaire, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon. Gorillas live in the rain forest. They usually live on the ground but build nest in trees to sleep in. Gorilla troops keep a 15-20 square mile range which often overlaps the range of other troops. There are three different kinds of gorillas. The eastern lowland gorilla the western lowland and the mountain gorilla. They are herbivores and eat only wild celery, roots, tree bark pulp, fruit, stems of many plants and bamboo shoots. They spend nearly half their day eating. The destruction of their habitat and destruction are the two great threats to the gorillas. The places where they are found are poor and densely populated. The land that is set aside for gorillas is being taken over by agriculture. The wire traps that poachers set out for antelope usually end up catching gorillas instead. People kill them for their heads and hands as trophies. The western lowland gorilla is listed as an endangered species.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The physical characteristics of a gorilla are, the male may be from a height of 5.5 ft and a weight of about 400 lbs. The female can be as tall as 5 ft. and weight almost about half the weight of the male. Their skull is pretty much similar to ours, but their bones are thicker. The gorillas spin...

Andrew Jackson Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Andrew Jackson was born in 1767 and died in 1845. He was also the seventh president of the United States. As Encarta Encyclopedia states, Jackson fought his way to leadership and wealth in a frontier society, and his success established a bond between him and the common people that was never broken. Small farmers, laborers, mechanics, and many other Americans struggling to better themselves looked to Jackson for leadership (1). Jackson moved his way up the chain of the military before becoming president. From an idea in Encarta Encyclopedia, Jackson was a Democrat that was also a hermit. The Democrats considered the opposing party, the National Republicans, later known as the Whigs, aristocrats (1). As McDuffie, Piggrem, and Woodworth stated, Andrew Jackson set many principles such as the spoils system, and the expansion of the electorate. He helped spread the electorate system to the west, and expanded it so not only white property owners could vote, but so whites that didn’t own property. All blacks could not vote and were excluded at all costs. (53). Although blacks and women were still left out of the picture, it helped set the basic properties for later on. The way he did it was not the best for common people, but he was still considered a great president by most people. As in Encarta Encyclopedia, three years before Andrew Jackson was born, his Scotch-Irish parents, emigrated to America from Northern Ireland. They had two sons at the time. Andrew’s Father took up farming, and died three days before Andrew was born. The widow Jackson moved her family into the home of a nearby relative, where Andrew spent his days growing up. He learned how to read, and was often called upon by the community to read the Philadelphia Newspaper. (3) Andrew Jackson held many military and other job positions while working his way up through the government chain. As in Encarta Encyclopedia, he started off by studying under Spruce Macay who was a lawyer in Salisbury, North Carolina. He started his own practice in 1787. He then was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. After one year in the House, Jackson was elected to fill out an unexpected term in the U.S. Senate. He served for over a year and then retired to his private life (3). As Robert S. Summers posted, in Tennessee, Jackson was appointed to judge of the state superior court. He was at that position for a... ...d or supplies. Instead of disbanding as ordered, he led his troops back to Tennessee without a scratch. They called him old hickory because he was a tough as hickory wood. And lastly, Jackson was the only president to have been a prisoner of war. He was thirteen when he joined the South Carolina militia to fight in the Revolutionary War. After his capture, he was ordered to clean the boots of a British officer. Jackson refused, so the officer drew his sword and slashed Jackson across the forehead and arm, which left a scar. This is the story of an amazing man who led the country to bigger and better things. He was a down to earth guy who made good decisions, and was tough and earned everything he got the hard way. Andrew Jackson is a class act that is as tough as an old hickory! Works Cited Jerome McDuffie, Gary Piggrem, and Steven Woodworth. AP History Guide. Piscataway, NJ: REA Publishing â€Å"Jackson, Andrew.† Encarta Encyclopedia. 1999. â€Å"Jackson, Andrew.† Britannica Encyclopedia. 1995. Summers, Robert S. â€Å"The Internet Public Library-Andrew Jackson.† <a href="http://www.ipl.org/ref/POTUS/ajackson.html">http://www.ipl.org/ref/POTUS/ajackson.html. 10 February 2000.

Sexism in Film Essay example -- Film

In society, women are often perceived as the weaker sex, both physically and mentally. In modern times women have leveled the playing field between men and women, and feminism is a highly discussed topic, but for years, women faced discrimination and prejudice both in life and in the workplace, due to their sex. This way of thinking flooded into the world of film. In their works, the authors of each of the various sources address the limitations and liberations of women both on and off the screen in nineteenth century Film and Cinema. Not every source is completely filled with information related to the research topic, but they do cover and analyze many of the same points from different perspectives. Prominent points addressed in each source include the domination of the male voice in cinema, the presentation of women on screen, and society’s influence on the status of women roles in film. A common concept in a lot of the sources is that men dominate the film industry both onscreen and off. According to the article, Why There are no Women in the Movies, â€Å"men make the movies and the relationships and roles are molded according to the male viewpoint† (Yates 226). This, in relation to the other sources, is a very valid fact. Coinciding with his point, Hollywood Film Critic, Richard Corliss states in his TIME Magazine article, Calling Their Own Shots: Women Directors Make it in Hollywood, that â€Å"the guys ran things—as producers, directors, bosses†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Men were behind the scenes, they decided what scripts got chosen to be made into films. They were the heads of production companies and producers of the films. Whatever they said†¦went. Men were not only in charge of what was going on onscreen, but they monopolized off-screen positions as we... ...e. â€Å"The Allure of the Predatory Woman in Fatal Attraction and Other Current American Movies.† Journal of Popular Culture 26.3 (Winter 1992): 47-57. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 March 2015. Mahar, Karen Ward. Women Filmmakers in Early Hollywood. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 2006. Print Pomerance, Murray, ed. Ladies and Gentlemen, Boys and Girls: Gender in Film at the End of the Twentieth Century. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001. Print. Quart, Barbara Koenig. Women Directors: The Emergence of a New Cinema. New York: Praeger, 1988. Print.. Segar, Linda. When Women Call The Shots: The Developing Power and Influence of Women in Television and Film. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1996. Print. Yates, John. â€Å"Why There are no Women in the Movies.† Journal of Popular Film 4.3 (1975): 223-234. America: History & Life. Web. 13 March 2015.

Catalase Write Up

This experiment was performed to determine the factors that positively influence catalase reaction rates in the break down of hydrogen peroxide. Catalase enzyme activity was measured through its break down of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen through the displacement of water. We compared the decomposition rates in samples with varying pH levels of 2-10. The samples with the most neutral ph level decomposed hydrogen peroxide the quickest and most efficiently. Hypothesis Catalase is a fast working enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and gas. dictionary. com) Many factors affect the break down of hydrogen peroxide, one of the main factors that relates to the human body is pH levels. With the presence of strong acids or strong bases the production rate of oxygen gas will increase the rate of reaction. As quoted from allsciencefair. com â€Å"The optimal pH range is about 7-8 (physiological pH of most cells), but a few enzymes can work at extreme pH, such as prote ase enzymes in animal stomachs, which have an optimum of pH 1. This shows that for the human body catalase needs to be able to function properly at extreme pH levels, proving where our hypothesis was drawn from. http://www. all-science-fair-projects. com/science_fair_projects/105/901/69adbb37c02f0fb4f8b674fbae189d9f. html Procedure Record the pH level of the mix between catalase and the acid/base Dip the circles of filter paper into the mixture and place on top of the inside of the glass bottle. Add 5mL of hydrogen peroxide into the glass bottle ensuring that none touches the opening or the filter paper.Place the bottle in the water tray and slide the nossel under the graduated cylinder full of water. Flip the bottle so the hydrogen peroxide mixes with the catalase filter paper. Measure the production of oxygen gas every 5 seconds for 1 minute. Repeat for the remaining pH levels. Materials -Sulphuric Acid (0. 05M) -Potassium hydroxide (0. 05M and 0. 5M) -Catalase -water tray -3 250m L beakers -pH paper -3 eye droppers -2 graduated Cylinders -Dissection probe -filter paper -Hole Punch -Water -Distilled water -square glass container with nossel -Safety glassesThrough the results that were gained in our experiment the information proves that as pH level’s move towards their extremes, the rate of oxygen produced decreases severely. As you can see in our sixth trial on day 2 the pH was recorded at f 7 with a rate of reaction of INSERT # HERE indicating to us our middle value to compare other data to. When looking at the trends of trial 1 which is a pH of 5 you can see that the rate decreases as it becomes more acidic, then when comparing to trial 4 with a pH of 2 there is no oxygen gas being produced.Similarly when the solution becomes more basic the rate decreases as we can see in trial two which yields a pH of 8. As the curve of best fit demonstrates as the pH increases or decreases from the neutral of 7 the reaction rate approach’s 0. In the human b ody all organs produce catalase but the greatest quantity of catalase is found in the liver. In completing this experiment and analyzing the results it is noticeable that for the human body to have it’s greatest rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, a neutral environment is a necessity.If the human body was to suffer from a case of acidosis where the body became to acidic it would negatively affect the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by slowing do the process. Hydrogen Peroxide is created by many enzymes in our body that break down fatty acids and amino acids. When the hydrogen peroxide is created its kept in peroxisomes as it can be damaging. Peroxisomes are also where our catalase is stored allowing for the easy break down of the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. http://www. madsci. org/posts/archives/1999-09/938519528. Bc. r. html http://www. scribd. com/doc/90888398/Catalase-Blood-Hydrogen-Peroxide