A Comparative Study Between the Economic Philosophies of Adam Smith and Karl Marx free essay sample

The following essay compares the economic philosophies of Adam Smith and Karl Marx with reference to their historical works. This essay compares the philosophies in Adam Smiths The Background to the Wealth of Nations and Karl Marxs Communist Manifesto Das Kapital. The way in which both Smith and Marx agreed upon the importance of capitalism for unleashing productive powers, amongst other similarities, is discussed. In addition the contradictions in their philosophies, such as their reasons for expanding markets, are also highlighted. From the paper: Smith and Marx both agreed that capitalism required expanding markets. Smith believed this was so because jobs could not be divided too much without a large market. The money that went to paying wages came from profits. There always had to be an expanding market, so that there could be more profits or else there would not be more jobs.

Free Essays on Chapters Inc

Chapters Inc. – Indigo Books & Music Inc. merger The idea of a superstore book retailer was that of Larry Stevenson, the former CEO of Chapters Inc. This legacy of creating the ultimate booklovers haven began when Stevenson acquired Coles and Smithbooks. These smaller retailers helped to formulate the idea of Chapters, which was launched in 1996. Later that year Heather Reisman the co-owner of Trilogy Retail Enterprises established her own branch of superstore book retailing called Borders Canada, this created a bitter rivalry. This rivalry stems back to the day when Reisman launched Borders Canada, which was an American and Canadian book retailing venture. Stevenson, sensing competition lobbied the idea, and Industry Canada disallowed the creation of this company. Reisman evidently did not give up, and later that year founded Indigo Inc., she hired away seven on the top executives from Chapters Inc., which infuriated Stevenson. Over the years, the inability to control inventory and the failure of Chapters Inc.’s e-commerce endeavor caused an $84.5 million annual loss by Chapters Inc., Indigo Inc.’s losses were also great totaling $31.7 million. Many saw the merger of the two industry conglomerates as the only means of salvaging their operations. When Indigo Inc., on November 28, 2000 made its bid to obtain Chapters Inc; many industry analysts had different ideas about the merger. Tom McFeat of CBC News Online recognized the need for healthy competition in the market place. Mcfeat compared Chapters and Indigo Inc.’s number of stores and found that there would be no competition in the Canadian Book Industry if the two chose not to merge. He identified that with the merger of Chapters Inc. and Indigo Inc. stores would have to be closed resulting in Job losses for those who are employed by the respective companies. This does not include the lost revenue and jobs for independent bookstore owners who cannot compete with such a l... Free Essays on Chapters Inc Free Essays on Chapters Inc Chapters Inc. – Indigo Books & Music Inc. merger The idea of a superstore book retailer was that of Larry Stevenson, the former CEO of Chapters Inc. This legacy of creating the ultimate booklovers haven began when Stevenson acquired Coles and Smithbooks. These smaller retailers helped to formulate the idea of Chapters, which was launched in 1996. Later that year Heather Reisman the co-owner of Trilogy Retail Enterprises established her own branch of superstore book retailing called Borders Canada, this created a bitter rivalry. This rivalry stems back to the day when Reisman launched Borders Canada, which was an American and Canadian book retailing venture. Stevenson, sensing competition lobbied the idea, and Industry Canada disallowed the creation of this company. Reisman evidently did not give up, and later that year founded Indigo Inc., she hired away seven on the top executives from Chapters Inc., which infuriated Stevenson. Over the years, the inability to control inventory and the failure of Chapters Inc.’s e-commerce endeavor caused an $84.5 million annual loss by Chapters Inc., Indigo Inc.’s losses were also great totaling $31.7 million. Many saw the merger of the two industry conglomerates as the only means of salvaging their operations. When Indigo Inc., on November 28, 2000 made its bid to obtain Chapters Inc; many industry analysts had different ideas about the merger. Tom McFeat of CBC News Online recognized the need for healthy competition in the market place. Mcfeat compared Chapters and Indigo Inc.’s number of stores and found that there would be no competition in the Canadian Book Industry if the two chose not to merge. He identified that with the merger of Chapters Inc. and Indigo Inc. stores would have to be closed resulting in Job losses for those who are employed by the respective companies. This does not include the lost revenue and jobs for independent bookstore owners who cannot compete with such a l...

Write a review of Manchester Crime Reduction Strategy 20082011, making Literature

Write a of Manchester Crime Reduction Strategy 20082011, making use of the concepts of community, evidence and policy discussed in Book 3 - Literature review Example For instance, for crime and disorder, the strategy supports a number of other partnerships that aim to drive improvements in employment, health, transport, the environment and outcomes for young people. The main significant strategy aims to have a city of successful neighborhoods and for people feel secure and enjoy their living. Young people should be in a position to make real choices about their future. To accomplish this, children must stay safe and be protected from crime. Therefore there’s need to provide young people with opportunities and activities that can both raise their aspirations and divert them away from the risk of committing crime. Reducing crime is an essential part in regenerating the city and improving our transport system, that is, reducing crime is a key feature of all our strategic objectives to improve the overall quality of life of the residents. From 2005 to 2008, a target was set by the Manchester Crime and Disorder Reduction Strategy to reduce the overall level of crime as measured by the British Crime Survey. This was measured against ten key crime types that included burglary, robbery, vehicle crime and violent crime. The strategy has been successful in tackling antisocial behavior. Better interventions with families have seen the number of young people who comply with their Antisocial Behavior Order (ASBO) increase. An essential result relates to a reprimand, final warning, or a court disposal. Also, drug users seeking for treatment services in the city continue to increase and the average waiting time for access to treatment continues to reduce. The Government and Manchester have designed a new strategy, the Local Area Agreement to accomplish the wider aims and objectives and to give local agencies more ease in setting the main concern. This agreement has goals against each of the precedence areas that are exclusive to Manchester. This local emphasis will enable us to prioritize what is

Advertisement on coffee at Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertisement on coffee at Starbucks - Essay Example The advertisement is very plain in terms of creating attention and the words used appear as a command rather than a request or soft words to attract the target. The main aims of any advertiser are to create a good impression to a potential customer, make them their customer and retain them. To achieve these goals, they interact with the social world and are often faced by many social issues that create challenges as well as hindrances. The most pressing social issue is stereotyping by customers. Different customers have varying perceptions over advertisements, and this affects their effectiveness. Advertisers, therefore, face the challenge of designing an advertisement that will receive less criticism and achieve its aim. The picture in the advertisement of a young baby inside the tire is eye catching and hence anybody who sees it will want to know what it is all about (Moriarty, Nancy, and William 248). A person who sees the advertisement will immediately have an impression of safety while using the tires and is less likely to forget about it since the pictures used are very memorable.

Moral Standing of Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Moral Standing of Abortion - Essay Example This paper is an attempt to undertake an objective approach to develop an unbiased and a logically sound thesis aiming at implying a set warrant of the issue by arguing that abortion is morally wrong and unjust, however only under special circumstances (like rape or mother`s like at risk) can abortion be justified as a morally sound decision. Abortion is defined as â€Å"the expulsion of a  fetus  from the  uterus  before it has reached the stage of viability† (Encyclopedia Britannica). The biological makeup of an embryo or a fetus, by any standard, resembles that of a human as the genetic makeup of the cells of the embryo is the same as that of a human, and the viability stage reaches at week 20 when the embryo fully resembles that of a human. Thus, at the stage of viability it would be only sane to regard abortion as an immoral act as murdering an innocent life negates all the principals of morality. However, under special circumstances, the woman may be allowed to a bort the baby, especially when the woman`s life is at stake or if the baby will result in the mental trauma for the woman in case the embryo is a result of rape or sexual abuse. However, if the woman was engaged in a voluntary act which resulted in the conception of an embryo, it would be insane to kill the baby if the embryo has reached the stage of viability. Thus, in any case abortion is an immoral act as an embryo older than twenty weeks is as alive as a grown up human being. However, some cases may be considered as exceptional ones and in some special circumstances abortion can be deemed as a moral act. Firstly, when the life of the mother is at stake for the reason that giving birth to the baby will risk the life of the mother, abortion is absolutely moral. Secondly, if birth resulted from rape or any kind of sexual abuse, which would cause mental trauma as the birth would constantly remind the woman of the unfortunate incident, thus in this case the woman should have the free dom to choose if she wants the baby or not. Thirdly, factor of viability is of importance to decide whether or not abortion is immoral i.e. an embryo if any younger than twenty weeks is conceived it will be fair enough to abort the baby as it won`t be a viable one. In this case, it is important to analyze the arguments and propositions put forth by Thomason (1971) which are referred to by many pro choice advocates. Thomason (1971) tries to negate the conclusion derived by two propositions that firstly, human embryo has the right to life, and if human embryo has the right to life it is morally impermissible to kill him. Thus, it is sensible enough to conclude that it is impermissible to kill the human embryo. However, she tries to negate the conclusion by replacing the second proposition by the relative rights of the mother and the child, i.e. she claims that the mother has a right to take decisions about her body and the fetus has a right to life. In other words, she is trying to ar gue that the pro-life advocate will then regard abortion as a breach in the rights of the mother as opposed to the rights of the baby. Though the argument seems to be valid, but it lacks soundness as it is a clear example of the fallacy of inappropriateness. Though it is true that a mother has rights, but at the same time she should be responsible enough to take precautionary

Impact Of Social Networking On Tertiary Students

Impact Of Social Networking On Tertiary Students This paper examines the impacts of social networking through a multi-layered study of the benefits, positive and negative effects they have on people more especially tertiary students in Botswana. It states what social networking is, as well as explaining what tertiary students are. It goes on to define the analysis of social networking trend as well as assessing the impacts of it towards the productivity of tertiary students. Data has been collected from interviews, questionnaires and published reports from the internet. This paper challenges the argument that social networks dont impact the lives and productivity of tertiary students in Botswana. 1.0 INTRODUCTION The rapid growth of social networking that has been observed over the last two to three years is indicative of its entry into mainstream culture and its integration into the daily lives of many people, Ofcomm (2008). In parallel with this, there has also been considerable media coverage of the growth of social networking in tertiary institutions, its potential positive outcomes and concerns about the way that some students engage with it. Social networking sites offer people new and varied ways to communicate via the internet, whether through their PC or their mobile phone. They allow people to easily and simply create their own online pages or profile and to construct and display an online network of contacts. Users of these sites can communicate via their profile both with their friends and with people outside their list of contacts. This can be on a one-to-one basis, or in a more public way such as a comment post for all to see Social networking has a major impact on universities and colleges in Botswana as a lot of students are now using sites like myspace, twitter and facebook to communicate search and share data and even to socialise through them. These sites are attracting a huge number of people as they use them to establish links between friends even publishing and maintaining their profiles, (Subrahmanyam K 2008). The impact of social networks on productivity of tertiary students is an important issue that has caught both educators and practitioners attention in recent years. Social networking also has great effect to the industry since sites like facebook are of importance to students as they are able to express themselves but the main problem is that students stop working and spend much time to navigate through it. The measurement of student productivity is certainly open to many definitions. So to address the issue of learning effectiveness, it is better to design a field experiment comparing stud ent performance when they combine social networking with school work. Questions raised in this study are: Is an individuals position in a social network related to his or her performance in school? What kind of social relations are linked with students academic performance? The main purpose of this study is to explore the impact of interpersonal relationship networks on students academic performance online and offline and to find out the key human relationship determinants for students performance. 2.0 ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL NETWORKS 2.1 What is social networking? Social network can be said to be a group of socially related nodes linked by means of one or more relationships. A set of connections (members), are those nodes connected by the relations whose patterns can be studied. The units are commonly known as organizations or persons, thus the connected units can be studied as the principle says, (Marin A. and Wellman B. 2009). At the most basic level social networking sites allow users to set up online profiles or personal homepages, and develop an online social network. The profile page functions as the users own webpage and includes profile information ranging from their date of birth, gender, religion, politics and hometown etc. In addition to profile information, users can design the appearance of their page, and add content such as photos, video clips and music files. In addition to this, users can also build a network connection that they can build as friends. It is important to note that the term friend in this context does not refer to the traditional friend. Therefore it means anyone who has been invited or been invited by the other user. 2.2 History of social networking History of networking sites started first by the launch of SixDegrees.com in 1997. Users were permitted to list friends after making profiles. By 1998, they were able to view friends lists and profiles existed on community and dating sites. Classmates.com permitted persons to connect with friends from different institutions and search the network for any other person they would have known before even though they were not able create profiles even listing their friends. The combination of these features was then made through SixDegrees couple of years later on, (Boyd et al 2007). This clearly indicates that the first social networking site to be used was Six Degrees. It emerged in 1997 and users were allowed to register and edit their profiles in 1998. Everything in life has start time and the end time therefore SixDegrees did not do well as may be people were not able to access this site or they did not know the usage of it. Even though SixDegrees attracted a lot of people as users, it was unsuccessful to become a sustained business and this made the business to close its operations in the year 2000, (Boyd et al 2007). The downfall of this business was that, large number of people was taking the use of Internet seriously but most did not have the potential to connect with their friends who were online. After the close of this networking site, some other networking sites emerged. 2.3 Engaging in social networking sites and reasons why students engage in social networking Research by Boyd (2008) showed that tertiary students were more likely to access social networking sites on the internet at their schools than anywhere else. Media reports have suggested that some tertiary schools in Botswana have banned access to these sites. If these reports reflect widespread practice, it is likely that access to the internet at home will become an increasingly important factor in use of social networking sites. There are a number of ways why tertiary students use social networking sites. At the point when fears and anxieties diminish, tertiary leaders may start to appreciate that social networking tool and technologies can be utilized to: Find and meet new friends. One can find people of every kind from all over the world. Or you can just focus on meeting certain types of new friends Help one find old friends which were last seen many years ago. enable speedier location, access and sharing of information; enable more efficient leverage of contacts and knowledge; help retain key employees by improving satisfaction in the workplace; break down time and geographical boundaries to improve communication between widely dispersed personnel; reduce expenses because one can chat with a friend very far for free 2.4.0 How people use social networking sites The building blocks of social networking sites are the individual members profiles. No two profiles are identical, but they typically contain basic information about the user such as name, sex, home town/country and contact details as well as other information such as race, religion and politics. Alongside this basic information, most social networking sites also allow users to write potted biographies about themselves and to go into great detail about their likes and dislikes. For example, on MySpace these are termed blurbs. An important feature of social networking sites for most tertiary students in Botswana is the ability to contact others in a playful way, using pokes or similar gestures. These gestures are a feature of most social networking sites and, depending on the site are called names like Pokes, Fives, Love or something similar. They are a way of gesturing to other users and getting their attention. These gestures, or symbolic cues, are fun for many users and provide a level of excitement as people log on to see what messages they have. They can also provide social status or reassurance, depending on the number received and who they were received from. Students can post photos and videos on their social networking sites, in addition to their profile photo. Photos are important both for constructing and revealing ones identity, and for sharing important events and moments with a wide group of people (especially family and friends). Some students and less confident ones reported that the virtual nature of the communication they had through these sites had allowed them to express themselves more confidently. These students also reported using MSN and texting in a similar way. Social networking sites appeared to allow less confident individuals, particularly teenage boys and girls and older single women, to express themselves in new ways and to talk confidently to people they knew, and also to contact people they didnt know. Some teenagers and adults in their early twenties reported feeling addicted to social networking sites and were aware that their use was squeezing their study time. Many students had experienced this drawback, although to differing degrees. Some students described how they might go onto their site just to check for messages and then emerge a few hours later having been drawn into commenting, searching and generally having fun. 2.4.1 Case 1 Kabo Magowe (22) is a young man who schools in Botswana Accountancy College and while I was on the internet doing my online research I asked him if he knows anyone who has a problem with Fece Book. He said to me, yes I do. I know this other guy who had to re-take three courses after he failed them because he used to spend much time on Face Book. 2.4.2Case 2 Alice is a Humanities student at the University of Botswana, aged 23, living in a rented apartment in an urban/suburban area. She depends mainly on her allowance and she doesnt receive extra money from parents. She spends much of her time in the evening at school chatting to people she has met in chat rooms in Face Book. She has had an affair with one guy she met online which lasted eight months. They would talk to each other daily and their avatars would go and get a room at Planet Lodge. After eight months they met in public and she learnt that he was married, so she finished the online relationship, although she really felt they had something special. Despite her experience, she still feels that social networking sites are a much easier way for single women to meet people, especially as they are not able to go out very much and it gives them a chance to talk to lots of people and feel less isolated. 2.5 Positive impacts of social networking on students There are a number of ways in which social networks impact the lives of students and people. Some of the positive ways are: They help in education by allowing teachers and coaches to post club meeting times, school projects, and even homework on these sites. Social networking Web sites are helping businesses advertise, thus social networking Web sites are benefiting businesses therefore the U.S. economically. They help them meet others who share the same interest Social networking can be used by individuals as a way of looking for a job or job hunting Social networking can be used as a positive cause/awareness, i.e, money raising benefits for someone who was in a car crash, house burnt down, or also raise funds for the people involved in natural catastrophes like the Haiti earth quake etc (these are actual events) They help people to stay in touch with friends long distance They can be used to renewed friendships high school/college friends Keep track of community service 2.5 Negative impacts of social networking on students Social networks also have negative impacts on the lives of students or people in general. Some of them are: Students are waste precious time that could be spent doing homework, thus social networking websites are encouraging the creation of a lazy generation. Users of social networking websites are extremely vulnerable to fraud, and can have money stolen from their bank accounts just because of signing up for these sites. Users of social networking websites are extremely vulnerable to sexual abuse or harassment. In the case of computer labs, social networks use up most of the bandwidth in them. They are so interesting that one will want to open a lot of web pages at the same time and imagine if 50 students do that at the same time. 3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.0.1 Social networking: qualitative research into attitudes, behaviours users and how tertiary students in Botswana use social networking sites Methodology- questionnaires were issued to different students from different tertiary institutions in Botswana. Questionnaires were used because they are easy to analyze and also written questionnaires become even more cost effective as the number of research questions increases. Questionnaires are familiar to most people (Berdie, Anderson, and Niebuhr, 1986). Nearly everyone has had some experience completing questionnaires and they generally do not make people apprehensive. They are less intrusive than telephone or face-to-face surveys. When respondents receive a questionnaire in the mail, they are free to complete it on their own time-table (Cahalan, 1951; Jahoda, et al., 1962). Unlike other research methods, the respondent is not interrupted by the research instrument. Core Objectives- To identify, explore and understand the behaviours, attitudes and barriers to tertiary students use of social networking sites Sample Size- 25 students Field Work Period- 8 March to 12 March 2010 (5 days) Sample Definition- Social networking student users aged 19+. The sample included 5 students from University of Limkokwing, 5 from the University of Botswana, 5 from Botswana Accountancy College, 5 from Gaborone Institute of Professional Studies and the last batch of 5 from NIIT. The sample also comprised of students who have internet connection from their homes and those who used the one at school. 4.0 FINDINGS Question 1 Name of tertiary institution Botswana Accountancy College 5 University of Botswana 5 University of Limkokwing 5 Gaborone Institute of Professional Studies 5 NIIT 5 Total 25 students Question 2 Do you have a social network you are involved in? Yes 23 No 2 Total 25 students Question 3 If your answer is yes on the above question, which social networks are you part of? Face Book 22 MySpace Tagged Hi5 1 Other Total 23 students Question 4 When do you usually surf your social network sites? During class hours 14 Lunch time 6 After hours 1 weekends 2 Total 23 students Question 5 How many friends do you have on your friend list that you dont know or talk to? 10% 30% 11 40% 60% 2 70%+ 10 Total 23 students Question 6 When do you find it necessary for you to log onto your favorite social network chosen at number three above? Anytime I get access to an Internet connection, whether its during a lesson or not. Sometimes, I would go out and find an Internet connection and if it means going to the internet cafà © I would do it. 16 When Im bored and have nothing else to do 2 Sometimes, when I want to catch up with friends 5 Total 23 students Question 7 How long do you take surfing your social network? 1hr 2hrs 6 2hrs 3hrs 12 4hrs+ 5 Total 23 students Question 8 Has social networking negatively affected your studies? Yes 20 No 3 Total 23 students Question 9 Give reasons for the answer provided above Relevant to decline in school work 20 Nothing to do with school 3 Total 23 students Question 10 Which internet connection do you use? Home 5 School 18 Total 23 students 5.0 RESULTS The questionnaires handed out to students in different institutions were all returned fully and accurately answered with no faults or damages what so ever. The results are as follows: From the 25 sampled students, 92% of students have a social network account from different web sites and only 8% of students dont have any. The 8% is the 2 students school at Gaborone Institute of Professional Studies. This result leaves us with only 23 questionnaires to analyze. From the 23 students with social network accounts 91% of students have Face Book accounts and 8% of students are not on face book but rather on Hi5. When it comes to the times at which the students surf their social web sites, 61% students have stated that they do it during class hours, while 26% students surf during lunch time, 4% surf during after hours and 2 students do it during weekends. Again, when it comes to a portion of friends that particular student has, but never talks to or dont know, 11 students say they dont know or talk to 10 30% of their total friends, while 2 student doesnt know or talk to 40 60% of his total friends. 10 students dont talk or even know 70%+ of their total friends. 16 students say they surf the social network sites anytime they get access to an Internet connection, whether its during lessons or not. They say sometimes, they would go out and find an Internet connection even if it means going to an internet cafà ©. 2 students surf the web sites only when they are bored and 5 students surf when they want to catch up with their friends 6 students say that they spend an hour to 2 hours on their particular web sites, 12 students spend 2hours to 3 hours on their particular sites and 5 students spend 4 hours+ on their particular web sites. From the overall 23 students, 87% say social network sites have impacted them negatively on their academic work and this has caused them to fall gradually from their high marks to low marks. 13% students say they are still doing well in school and social networking hasnt impacted them negatively on their school work because they dont mix school with pleasure. 78% of the 23 students have got no internet connection at their homes which means they use the connection at school and 22% students have got internet connection at home 6.0 DISCUSSION The results above have made it clear that social networking is common among many tertiary students in Botswana. The results also show that it (social networking) impacts the way students perform in school negatively. From the sample of students selected from different tertiary institutions in Botswana, one would say in every 5 students, 4 students have accounts on different social networking sites. The most common social web site used or visited from the sample is Face Book which of cause was developed by a tertiary student. With Face Book being common this means that the majority of the world population is on Face Book therefore there are many people to stay in touch with. Even though there is a big dish full of friends to socialize with, there are people who request friends and yet they dont know them and they and dont even talk to them or chat with them. Friends are just added to increase the list of friends; its like a competition among tertiary students. More friends mean more profiles to check out. For example if a student has 200 friends on face book and yet he/she does not have internet connection at home but rather uses the connection at school, this means that he/she will have to spend more hours at school being unproductive viewing friends profiles. The results have highlighted 16 students from a total of 23 students who visit social networking sites during class hours and mostly during lab sessions. This is very bad because there is lack of concentration during classes and therefore students fail. Lastly, from the 23 students sampled, 87% of them have shown that social networking has affected the way they perform academically. 7.0 CONCLUSION In a few years time the chances are that social networking will be part of almost everyones life are very high. Most people will take advantage of the fact that they have accounts on social network web sites and erasing or deactivating them will be impossible because of the fact that they have many friends around the world and losing touch with them will be a disadvantage. With the majority of tertiary institutions in Botswana having social networking sites blocked from their computer labs, most households will have internet connections in the near future, many of which will be high speed. Accessing the Net wherever and whenever one chooses will be commonplace thanks to both the small wireless devices most people carry and the variety of alternate points of access. All of these modern upgrades mentioned above will make social networking for tertiary institution students to even surf them more and frequently. I have a great believe that the number of students without internet connecti ons at their households will gradually reduce in great numbers. Social network web sites have negative impacts on the lives of tertiary students in Botswana. They affect the way they perform at their different institutions. Social networking has become a habit on tertiary students, they cannot live without them. Even when they are disabled from their schools, one will go to thee extend of finding an internet connection in order to go online. 8.0 RECOMMENDATIONS Since social networking is a habit among tertiary students in Botswana, I would recommend that they should balance them, use them equally. They should give their school work more priority because school is the key to success and not Face Book friends. 10.0 REFERENCES What is social networking (2010), what is social networking, http://www.whatissocialnetworking.com/ [accessed 19 Feb 2010] Wikipedia (2010), social network service, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/social_network_service/ [accessed 21 Feb 2010] About.com (2010), reasons to join a social network, http://personalweb.about.com/od/easyblogsandwebpages/a/whatsocialnetwo.htm [accessed 21 Feb 2010] Yahoo (2010) social networking websites have positive impact? http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?/ Boyd, D and Ellison, N, Social Network Sites, Definition, History and Scholarship, Journal of Computer Mediated Communication (October, 2007), http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/boyd.ellison.html. K. Subrahmanyam Online and offline social networks: Use of social networking sites by emerging adults, Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 200811/12. D.M. Boyd and N.B (2007) Ellison Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship (2007). Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), article 11. [Online] [21 September 2009).

Should Gambling Be Legalized? :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Should Gambling Be Legalized?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the past twenty or so years, great wealth and improved economic and social conditions have been promised to the communities that have embraced legalized gambling. However, with twenty years of experience it is time to look back and analyze whether this is true or not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It could easily be said that gambling is as American as apple pie. Gambling has shaped American history since its beginning. Lotteries were used by The First Continental Congress to help finance the Revolutionary war. Many of our founding fathers, such as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and George Washington, have sponsored private lotteries. It has been said that "Our founding fathers were just numbers guys in wigs" At one time baseball would have seemed to be the American pastime. This is not so now. In recent years, the attendance at casinos has nearly doubled the attendance at all major league baseball games, with close to 130 million people visiting casinos every year.1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With so much money at stake, the average gambler does not stand a chance against this big business. The casinos go to every length to analyze what makes a gambler bet, stay longer, and loose as much money as possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gamblers who come to casinos with the intention of winning money are habitually disappointed. As casino crime lord, Meyer Lansky's universal gambling truth states; "Gamblers never win, the house never loses"2 Slot Machines and most table games allow players to make bets where the probability of winning is relatively high. Frequent wins are characterized by low payouts. These frequent wins encourage further gambles with low payouts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frequent winning, low paying games are not the only way casinos get people to keep playing. Nothing less that psychological warfare is going on at casinos across the country. "The days of shaved dice, missing face cards and rigged roulette wheels are long gone. But the pursuit of profitability in the corporate era of gambling has turned the average casino into a financially hazardous place for betters"3 The casino's beliefs are all based on the fact that since the house has an advantage over the player, the longer the house can keep the player playing, the more money the house will make. The gambling industry spends millions each year to whether wider isles, fresher air, and back rests on the chairs at slot machines make a player stay longer.4 And why would the casino care if somebody is comfortable? Because if each better stays for just a few more minutes, it could mean millions for the casinos.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Casinos have false ceilings with rooms above them where some people

Critically explore some of the issues that should be considered when conducting research in social science

Research with children and young people is essential as it can improve the understanding of how they develop and live their lives, also it can add to academic debates and theories, and its outcomes can impact directly and indirectly on the lives of others in similar situations. â€Å"Data about children can only be understood by studying children†(Ross,1998:97) The best way to support the expansion of children’s studies for children is to enrol them fully in the research process. (Oakley, 1994: 26). Over the years, there has been rapid rise in research with children and young people and the increased respect and demand for children’s views and outlook in the society alongside the concern about ethics in social science when implementing the research Kellett (2010). Lansdown(1994) also supports this argument by stating that we do have a culture of listening to children . The chosen topic for this essay is issues that are to be considered when researching children and young people and vulnerable groups. The Relevant issues when researching with children includes ethics, consent, the legal structure, power relations and methodology. It is essential to consider and address issues appropriately. Social science research involved the collection, exploration and reporting of information about people and societies. (Yates 1998,p. 3) . There are several number of issues to consider when conducting research in social science according to Alderson& Morrow(2007) like privacy and confidentiality, the right selection of participants, consent and the impact the research has on children. Research with children usually tend to emphasis on ethics which moral issue that influence the methodology used governed by the code of practises ( France et al. , 2000) as well as the issues of informed consent and confidentiality (Sieber, 1982) Participants might be harmed as a result of their participation as many vulnerable groups tend to experience distress when talking about their painful experience that happened in their past. (Cooper,1999). The possible harms may include death stress, guilt, reduction in self-respect or self-esteem, unfair treatment, withheld benefits, and slight distress.. Cooper,1999). Relationships with others may be damaged through research (Drake ,2011). One of the main problem in research in social science is that children’s views and opinions are not given much importance and usually there is much large manipulation of the researcher in their research (Miles,2011). This was argued by (Clark et al. 2005) he states that children should be seen as’ beings’ whose opinions and understanding are vital in to listen to and not as adults in the making. Childhood studies research emphasizes the need to recognise children as agents not objects to represent children’s voice and to have children properly involved in all stages of research†(Gregory et al 2005,p. 98). Informed consent is vital when it comes to research involved with children, as Informed consent is required to protect privacy. Informed consent documents too guarantee that their identities will be protected. Such assurances protect them from blackmail, personal attacks and awkwardness (Sieber 1992). Children require the same level of freedom as adults to refuse participation. Sieber,1982). â€Å"Children who are incapable of giving assent should not be allowed to participate because their participation uses them for the benefit of the society at large while threatening their partially actualized and developing personhood. †(Ross,1998:97). Although a child’s assent alone is not sufficient to carry out the research but parental permission is essential while researching children to ensure protection of the child from possible abuse that could happen during the research process. (Ross,1988). Nelson ,2006) also supports the argument by stating child’s assent can only be used in conjunction with the parental consent. Lansdown (1994) supports the above discussion by stating that children are vulnerable because of their physical weakness and lack of knowledge and experience which allows them to depend upon the adults around them as well as their total lack of political and financial power and their lack of social rights. Factors contributing to the vulnerability of children include the motivations of parents and guardians who enter children into research ( Kirk 2007, Paulson 2006). Another issue that could be faced by children in research according to (Fraser et al, 2004) and Kirk (2007) is the power imbalance between the researcher and the children , but this could be overcome through helping the child to become a part of the research team as well as to make the child to be aware of the reason for participation in the research and to give the child the sense of control by reviewing or repeating to the child how to withdraw if the child doesn’t feels comfortable in the study. (Fraser et al, 2004). Time and flexibility are the key things that is required when researching children and to ensure that the participant have full understanding of the research ( Greene &Hogan 2005). There are laws supporting the rights of a child . (Landown,1994).. The law supports the child’s opportunity to be heard in any judicial or governmental procedures affecting the child. The law came into being in 1990 due to the high demand children’s voice to solve or understand the issues that affect them. The law has provided a major move in appreciation of children as participants in the society. Landown,1994). BPS code of conduct ethical principles states that approval of children to take part in research should be obtained from parents/ guardians as children are considered along side with the adults with impairments’ but there is no mention given to obtain consent for children with impairments. (Minkes et al,1994 ). Another issue in social science research is the sensitive research that often researchers do not effectively address the possible emotional and psychological harm that may result from research that draws strong emotional reactions Lee & Renzetti,( 1993). One of the main risks in any research is the effect of a violation of confidentiality. Depending on the sensitivity of the focused area in research, extra care should be taken to guarantee that participants could not be acknowledged. Maintaining the confidentiality is fundamental to ethical research, Kellett (2011)confirmation of research confidentiality can be given about the anonymity of the data, by removing the names of the participant and any identifying information, to meet the concerns of the child and responsible adult. It is suggested that written information should always be provided for the child and responsible adult, and a contact information should be given if they wish to contact the researchers later on. Kellett(2011) Eliminating names and other obvious identifiers does not assure anonymity as sometimes the demographic information can identify participants if the sample size is small. Buchanan (2007) also supports this argument that anonymity cannot be certain as postings can be traced via online search engines. Qualitative method of listening to the participant by exploring and examining their natural environment while conducting research can be one of the best ways to collect quality information especially from children( Willig ,2001). Punch (1994) States ethical failures in qualitative research scarcely occur. Behavior can be viewed directly through some kind of organized observation Focus groups tend to be increasingly successful with children, as children tend to be comfortable and familiar with the process of conversing matters in groups. (Morgan et al. , 2002). Focus groups can be appreciated for their ability to address inherent power differences that can develop in other forms of research such as interviews or questionnaire . (Morgan &Gibbs 2002) . One of the main advantage of focus groups is that it enables and allows children to discuss and express their insights into certain topic and their , understandings and experiences. (Barbour& Kitzinger,2001)Classroom based focus groups helps to create an informal environment and not school work based which could encouraged their positive contributions to the research study. Although the main disadvantage of focus groups for children according to (Barbour& Kitzinger,2001) is that some children take part in the research only for a temporary escape from the classroom . Taking part in focus groups can be an enjoyable experience for children as they explore issues of interest with others who might share common elements of personal knowledge and understanding (Kennedy, Kools, & Kruger, 2001) Finally I can conclude is that research with children offers no easy paths but opinion of a child is important for our research of the society as children are a vital part in the construction of the society. The ethical principle that guides us with research with children demands that the research participant must be protected and that any research is necessary to improve our knowledge and understanding of children. This means that research-involving children cannot be ignored, just because we find it difficult to get them to respond in a manner set out by adults.

Improve Customer Service In Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay Example

Improve Customer Service In Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay Example Improve Customer Service In Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay Improve Customer Service In Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay The chief intent of this study is to research the jobs in client service of hotel and advance substantial recommendations to work out the jobs. The study comprises the particular definition of service, analyses of jobs and methods of work outing the jobs. In order to better those failings of client service, this study besides identifies some elaborate schemes. 2.0 Introduction Along with rapid economic development, competition in cordial reception industry is going more intense, and the client service is going an of import agencies of bettering efficiency, edifice trade name and spread outing gross revenues. The degree of client service will mostly find the result of competition. Guests check a hotel, purchasing non merely the installations, and invitees have a dinner at the hotel, purchase is non limited to repasts, more significantly, they want to have high-quality and thoughtful service. Therefore, the hotel s mission is to supply quality services for invitees and to run into the demands of invitees. It is common pursue of hotel director that how to better client service quality and do the hotel in a dominant place in the ferocious market. 3.0 Customer service definition Servicess can be defined as the amount of behavior effectivity that hotel staff devoted their emotions to organize with the footing of certain equipment and installations and with the mark of clients demands ( Gavin B. and Gillian M. , 2002 ) . We can construct a figure to explicate the word service . Figure 1 As the figure 1 said that client service contain eight agencies: smiling, excellence, ready, sing, ask foring, making, oculus and giving ( Joost P. M. Wouters, 2004 ) . In fact, these are some of the dictionary account about service . It enables service s definition more specific, more operational. It is a circle environing the centre of hotel, and this circle organize the definition of service. 4.0 Improving service quality is the survival footing for hotel Modern client demands are diversified and personalized, and their demands are besides acquiring higher and higher. It requires the hotel get downing from the client demands and continuously improves service quality ( Omar M. and Simon J. 2006 ) . Basically talking, quality of service is the footing for endurance and development of hotel. Competition among hotels, in kernel, is the service quality competition. The grounds are as below: 1. Customers are sensitive to quality of service ; 2. Customer satisfaction are positively related to service quality. 5.0 Customer service quality s jobs analysis 5.1 Level of service quality is low Many hotel staff deficiency of enterprise. Smile service can non be carried out and deficiency of basic manners etiquette ( Allan Yen-Lun Su, 2004 ) , and the staff can non run advanced equipments. Although the state of affairs has been improved in recent old ages, it still does non run into client satisfaction really good. 5.2 Lack of inter-departmental services co-ordination Hotel client service merchandises have the belongings of integration and which is provided by different sections and staff. Hotel service quality is good or bad that depends on the grade of cooperation and coordination between different sections and staff. Many directors are more concerned with the public presentation of their sections, instead than the co-operation with other sections, the matching barrier will finally hotfoot the invitees to turn to equal. 5.3 Service Quality Management is inefficient Hotel service quality merchandises are non merely the physical merchandises, but besides the intangible service. Intangible service s chief is human-that is hotel staff iMarianna Sigala, 2005 ) . Regulating and commanding the behavior of staff is the cardinal manner to better the quality of services. 6.0 The implement measures to better the quality of hotel client service 6.1 Build support system of client service degree of cordial reception industry Figure 2 ( FL=foreign linguistic communication accomplishment OM=operation manage accomplishment IK=information cognition EK=etiquette cognition ) From the study consequences, it is a must that beef up the operation manage accomplishment of high-star hotel staff, foreign linguistic communication communicating accomplishments, every bit good as the turning populary information systems direction cognition and so on. Hotel should construct the enfranchisement system of hotel industry staff preparation that implement a voluntary system of taking scrutiny to station. Through scientific preparation, assist new employees master certain sum of hotel industry concern cognition. 6.2 Hotel directors should beef up consciousness service quality The quality of client service the centeral work in hotel day-to-day direction, therefore all staff should hold a sense of quality and directors must set up the construct of service quality. Lone directors taken root profoundly in the construct of client service quality can he see quality as the lifeblood of endeavors, and do staff acknowledge the importance of client service quality ( Ling-Feng Hsieh and Li-Hung Lin, 2008 ) . 6.3 Establish perfact service quality direction system Establish the organisation of client service quality direction. Hotel should put up specialised organisation of client service quality direction as ensuranment of service quality system. Specifically, it is that set up comprehensive, scientific and rational, and controlled service control system, and convey the hotel quality activities into a incorporate quality direction system through a certain regulations, methods and processs. Make out quality criterions and quality aims. Hotel should do specific criterions to day-to-day direction of each service point and service sectors, and do work norms and processs to do employee hold the regulation to follow with. Hotel can accurately enter service procedure of different places and sectors, and so analysis carefully, farther better service harmonizing to quality manage demand, eventually apologize it, and defined it with the signifier of text and artworks and so organize a service plan. 6.4 Implementing a system of first-staff being in charge Equally far as clients concerned, they visit hotel and pass money merely for purchasing service, and they do non hold involvement in understand that with which thing they can turn to which individual for aid. They have the right to believe that any employee represents hotels and should work out job for them. So this system means, any hotel staff working in the station, who is the first to be consulted by clients, will be the chief individual in charge of work outing jobs and petition of invitees ( C. F. Cheung and W. B. Lee, 2003 ) . 7.0 Decision In decision, many hotels need to better client service degree. Therefore, control and reappraisal is required when implementing disposal and selling activities. The hotel has to set up concern ends for commanding and reexamining.

Practicum report Essays

Practicum report Essays Practicum report Essay Practicum report Essay Food and Beverage Department iii. Strengths lb. Weakness v. Recommendation Ill. Conclusion V. Photos of Sports Facilities V. Photos of Room Accommodation Introduction Royals Takeaway Country Club Inc. (ARTIC or the Club) is a corporation, membership organization and an exclusive country club located along Emilio Continual highway Buck Estate, Alfonse Cavity. It also a non-profit that at any time declare and pay dividends to its shareholders or members. It operates to give social, recreational, sports and athletic activities to its members, families and guests that comes into their club. ARTIC aims to provide world class amenities and sports facilities that can be offered to their valued members. ARTIC is Jointly owned and developed by 3 respected names real estate industry. First is the Sat. Lucia Realty and development Inc. Who has been in the real estate industry for 20 years and own over 60 projects which includes subdivisions, golf courses, resorts and shopping center. The second is the Don Alfonse Realty and Development Corporation / Panicle Corporation which is the sister company of the Assayer Enterprises Inc. Which is in the industry for 20 years also and this project the ARTIC marks the entry of DARED/PC in the real estate industry. Last is the Land Golf Inc. S a professional group of property manager and consultant, they are also the golf course designer, project manager, property manager, sales and marketing manager of the ARTIC. ARTIC also owned a private beach front in orgy. Layman Liana, Battings that has a fully furnished two-tiered open pavilion and multi-purpose hall, room accommodation cabanas, aqua sports and souvenir shop and these beach resorts is exclusive also for the members of Royals Takeaway Country Club. Articles members are composed of countries prominent businessmen that include the board of director and members of similar clubs, television and radio personalities, and high ranking government former and current officials, local government executives within the vicinity of Cavity and sports personalities. Their vision is to seek opportunities to generate organized and aggressive solutions affirming their commitment to quality sports and recreational environment, sustainable growth, continuity and the pursuit of competitive spirit. They will consistently focus upon their collective interest, their social and community responsibilities and strike a sensitive balance between their personal and reflections fulfillment. Their mission is to provide a comprehensive, multi-specialist sports and recreational service with a heart. They will aspire to enhance their financial viability, conceive a productive and flexible organization structure that can forge their optimism to become more responsive and they will ensure a highly trained and motivated staff to excel in the performance of their function to render quality service. Outstanding Characteristics Royals Takeaway Country Club Inc. Offers 19 rooms that could accommodate a whole family with complete amenities and facilities. The kinds of rooms that they have are the quadruple sharing, triple sharing, Junior suite which are all duplex room and last is the twin studio type room. All rooms have a safe, wireless internet connection, cable TV, air-conditioning unit, telephone and hot/cold shower. Almost all rooms have a veranda where guest can relax and eat. In addition to its room accommodation they also have a 3-storey town houses unit that has 4 bedrooms, 4 toilet and bathroom with kitchen, dining room, receiving room and garage. ARTIC offers a great dining experience with their 2 food and beverage outlet which re the Alfonse dining and the Tenth Hole. The Alfonse dining offers guest Filipino and International cuisines that all taste and look good in addition to the food it also has a good ambiance where in you can choose to seat in the veranda where you can have the view of their golf course or dine beside the pool and enjoy a fresh air that the trees around the dining area offers. They also offer an eat all you can buffet lunch during weekends and holiday season where in they serve different kinds of food with live piano music and serenades that would entertain the guest. The Tenth Hole serves as the dining area and a place to relax of the golfers that plays every day and there is also a mini bar here where guest can order beer liquor. ARTIC can cater big and small functions like parties wedding receptions seminars etc. Using their grand ballroom which can be divided into 3 parts or it can be used as a whole that can accommodate more than 500 persons. Sports Facilities Tennis Court Badminton Court Swimming Pool Indoor Basketball Court Darts Bowling Golf Course Other Facilities Indoor/Outdoor Play ground Hydro Massage Bar Zone Lucia Bar Discussion of Finding/Analysis/Recommendation Department: Housekeeping Housekeeping Department serves as one of the important department that in every establishment that offers service. It is responsible for the cleanliness and orderliness of the establishment. This department can affect the impression of every guests that comes in the establishment even though it is said that this department has the less opportunity to be facing a guest because whenever a guest needs some amenities this department provides it for them and if it fail to attend to the needs of the guests it might give a bad impression to the whole establishment. Housekeeping Organizational Chart Housekeeping Head / Supervisor Duties and responsibilities Manage the daily operations and implement the SOP for cleaning Upgrade, evaluate, train, check the staff performance to the team leader the daily, weekly, monthly area cleaning. Monitor the quality and time of work Check and approve appropriate chemical use in housekeeping department for effective yet cost saving system Must know how to operate machine equipment use in housekeeping Coordinate with other department for better flow of operations Must also be hands-on in the technique of cleaning Responsible for overall supervision of the housekeeping department Team Leader Follow and implement the assigned task and pass over to each cleaners Report to the housekeeping head/supervisor the task report Must have hands-on skills/technique in cleaning and knows how to operate machine and equipment Basic knowledge in the chemicals Always implement SOP Cleaners Must follow SOP Actively do the required task and follow the schedule Must know all the assigned areas and practically do the Job according to the SOP Follow assigned task and operate with other staff SOP in Cleaning Lobby, Dining and Crystallizing and Polishing the Marble Floor Procedure Sweep the floor including the underneath portion of the furnitures and fixtures Make sure the floor is clean, if necessary follow the strapping procedure before applying crystallization procedure Use wax crystallizes (Terracotta) Weekly -apply/spray chemical evenly on the floor -use floor scrubber horizontally then vertically. Always starts with the heavy traffic area -make sure there are no scratches or lone marks -repeat procedure until floor is glossy and shiny Use powder crystallizes (Flash Clear) monthly dilute chemical in a pail of water and then pour on the floor -use floor scrubber horizontally then vertically and starts with the heavy traffic area -repeat procedures until floor is glossy and shiny -put crystal glaze in a sprayer the spray mist on the floor -use floor scrubber buff at low speed Equipments Soft Broom Dust pan Mop Squeezer Brush oil sponge Wiper applicator Plastic bucket Dry cloth Garbage bag Vacuum Caution signs Manpower-scheduling Housekeeping department has two shifting, a morning shift that starts from 6 am until 3 pm and an afternoon shift that starts from 12 noon until 9 pm. This shifts change when there is guest check-in there will be one of the employee that will take over the graveyard shift in order to attend to the guests needs. Department: Food and Beverage In ARTIC the Food and Beverage is headed by the F manager who look over the whole operation of the dining area then next in command is the captain waiters and then the Junior captain waiter and the last will be the waiters and the waitresses. This department is the one responsible in serving food and beverages to guest and give guests satisfaction. The F department is one of the departments that always deals and have a erect contact with every guest that comes every day and they make a lot of impact to the impressions that the guest may have about the establishment. They need to impress the guest every time they will dine for them to still come back in the establishment. Their duties are to make sure that every guest that eats are satisfied with the food and the quality of service. They need to ensure the food is safe and there will be no food contamination and the sanitation of all the dining wares that would be used. Food and Beverage department has two shifting, a morning shift that starts from 6 m until 3 pm and an afternoon shift that starts from 12 noon until 9 pm this shifting applies only during weekdays that has fewer guests that come. During weekends and holidays the afternoon will change it shift to 1 pm until 10 pm or until there are no more guests. Communication style The way departments in Royals Takeaway communicate with each other is through the use of telephone whenever there are problems or there are things needed by the guest they use the telephone to call the attention of the concerned department. Beside each telephone in each department has a list of numbers of every apartment thats why Jots can be asked to call in any department. Work atmosphere Interpersonal Relationship The work atmosphere in Royals Takeaway is a very refreshing because of its fresher air. Employees always maintain a good personal relationship with each other during working hours and even outside the establishment. All of the departments have team work and cooperation in order for them to work effectively and satisfy every guests needs. Sanitation Procedure Royals Takeaway being an environment friendly properly and regularly disposes all their garbage and schedule fumigation and pest control in order to maintain illnesses and avoid contamination in the club. Strengths ARTIC strengths are their facilities that they have, the food that they serve and the attitudes of all the employees that are very welcoming and being hospitable to every guest that they have. Weakness ARTIC weakness is they only have a few employees that in times when there are a lot of checked-in guest and there are a lot of guest who dine they are having a difficult times and it became really exhausting that the quality of their service goes down in order for them to cope up to the increasing number of guest. Recommendation The ARTIC should somehow put additional employees that can contribute to their establishment in order for them to standardize the quality of service that they offer. They should maintain and improve all their facilities. Conclusion After the 1 h months of stay in ARTIC has taught me a lot of lessons. I gain a lot of experience and I was given a chance to deal with different kinds of people. This helps me to apply every theories and lessons that was taught in school and apply it in real life situation. ARTIC gave us this opportunity to experience everything and let us work s a regular employee not as an on-the Job trainee. This practicum training has fulfilled it objective to give us students the opportunity to apply the knowledge and gain more knowledge and experience that we can use in our future after we have graduated. This practicum training also taught me to have a great sense of responsibility and to always stay on focus on every work that was given to me in order for me not to make mistake that can affect everyone. This also improves the skills of every students that undergo this practicum training. Pictures of Artistic Sports Facilities

General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm; Master Tactician and Warrior Essay

General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm; Master Tactician and Warrior - Essay Example Montcalm remains a legendary military leader, an enduring icon of Canadian national history2. Thesis statement: The purpose of this paper is to first present a short biography of General Montcalm and his place in the French Army. Further, his responsibilities during the French and Indian War, major battles and campaigns, the tactics he used and how they were developed will be identified. Also, the impact of Montcalm on the War, on future campaigns and on change of tactics; and how it helped to build his legacy will be determined. Louis-Joseph, Marquis de Montcalm, seigneur de Saint-Veran (Figure 1), was born on February 29th, 1712, at the Chateau of Candiac, near Nimes, France. He came of an old aristocratic family originally from Rouergue. His ancestors for many generations had performed heroic deeds on the field of battle. â€Å"The people of the country were in the habit of saying that the war was the tomb of Montcalms†3. The mother of Louis-Joseph was the marquise de Saint Veran, nee Marie-Therese de Lauris de Castellane was a woman of eminent character and piety. She had converted to Catholicism her husband, who was born of Huguenot parents, and she had exercised an extraordinary influence over her son. She inspired him with principles which may not have prevented him from errors in the era of impiety, but which produced a lasting impression on him governing the whole course of his future life4. Montcalm’s early childhood was spent at Roquemaure with his maternal grandmother, Madame de Vaux, who, like all grandmothers spoilt him a little. Because of this reason and also due to his ill health, by 1718 he had not yet learned to read. He was then sent to his uncle, M. Louis Dumas, a genius, a learned person and an educator, but used harsh methods. He applied the new system of teaching that he had invented on his pupil. Gifted with a good memory and bright intelligence, Louis-Joseph made rapid

Ibarra & Hansens Are you a Collaborative Leader Article

Ibarra & Hansens Are you a Collaborative Leader - Article Example The employees could also use the video broadcast and express their views. Beinoff kicked off the debate by grabbing an iPad and commenting on the Chatter, soon employees from their offices started commenting back. The debate lasted for weeks thus allowing Beinoff the opportunity to align the employees to the mission and create an open culture for salesforce.com. Command and control policies hinder collaboration in many organizations. A survey of â€Å"best performing CEOs in the world† done early 2010 revealed that collaborative leaders require strong skills such as acting as connector, ensuring diversity of talent, guiding teams and modeling collaboration at the top (Ibarra and Hanse 3). According to Malcolm Gladwell, collaborative leaders play a global connector role by linking the employees, the ideas and resources. David Kenny, President of Akamai Technologies is one of such leaders who spend time travelling in order to meet with business partners, customers and employees around the world. Collaborative leaders can attain insightful ideas such as macroeconomic issues and impact of climate change through collaborating with business partners. Collaborative leaders will make global connections in order to spot business opportunities and model the top managers on the business expectations. Collaboratibve leaders will attend to conferences outside their professional specialty and meet people outside the organization like external partners (Ibarra and Hanse 4). According to previous research, diverse teams will produce better results. Collaborative leaders will engage diversity in their teams in order to enhance creativity. Such teams should consider the diversity in terms of nationality, age and time dedicated to visiting emerging markets. For instance, nonnative English speakers may be disadvantaged in Multinational companies in emerging markets. Danone of France has